Psychology Chapter 10

Front 1

Development

Back 1

is the sequence of age related changes that occur as a person progresses from conception to death

Front 2

Zygote

Back 2

One celled baby. Formed by the union of sperm and egg.

Front 3

The Prenatal Period

Back 3

extends form conception to birth, approx 9 months.

Front 4

Germinal

Back 4

During the first week, the cells still are not implanted in the uterine walls. Stage of Prenatal Period

Front 5

Embryonic

Back 5

2 weeks to the end of the 2nd month. Vital organs and bodily systems begin to form. Stage of Prenatal Period

Front 6

Fetal

Back 6

From the end of the 2nd month through birth. Rapid growth occurs and movement starts. Brain cells develop in the final 3 months

Front 7

Placenta

Back 7

structure that allows oxygen and nutrients to pass into the fetus from the mother’s bloodstream and bodily waste to pass out to the mother.

Front 8

Age of Viability

Back 8

the age at which a baby can survive in the event of a premature birth. This occurs between 22-26 weeks.

Front 9

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Back 9

a collection of congenital problems associated with excessive alcohol use during pregnancy [research now shows any alcohol use can cause some levels of problems].

Front 10

Motor Development

Back 10

refers to the progression of muscular coordination required for physical activities.

Front 11

Cephalocaudal Trend

Back 11

head to foot direction of motor development. Children tend to gain control of their body head down. Direction of Development***

Front 12

Proximodistal Trend

Back 12

center outward development. Young children tend to move entire body instead of just reaching out their arm

Front 13

Maturation

Back 13

development that reflects the gradual unfolding of one’s genetic blueprint. Note: It was once thought that babies were just waiting for their brains to mature. Research now supports that they actively help their brains mature.

Front 14

Developmental Norms

Back 14

typical age at which developmental milestones are reached. This will refer to physical mental ability traits as opposed to getting first tooth.

Front 15

Cognitive development

Back 15

refers to transitions in youngsters’ patterns of thinking, including reasoning, remembering, and problem solving

Front 16

Attachment

Back 16

refers to the close, emotional bonds of affection that develop between infants and their caregivers.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hsA5Sec6dAI

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=02r3u59FRPU&feature=related

Front 17

Separation Anxiety

Back 17

emotional distress seen in infants when they are separated from people with whom they have formed an attachment

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QTsewNrHUHU

Front 18

Stage

Back 18

a developmental period during which characteristic patterns of behavior are exhibited and certain capacities become established.

Front 19

Erikson

Back 19

1 Trust vs Mistrust (first year)
Is my world predictable and supportive?

2 Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt (2-3)
Can I do things myself or must I always rely on others?
3 Initiative vs Guilt 4-6
Am I good or am I bad?

4 Industry vs Inferiority 6-puberty
Am I competent or am I worthless?

5 Identity vs Confusion Adolescence
Who am I and where am I going?
6 Intimacy vs Isolation Early adulthood
Shall I share my life with another or live alone?

7 Generativity vs Self-absorbtion middle adult
Will I produce something of real value?
8 Integrity vs Despair Late adulthood.
Have I lived a full life?
Stages***

Front 20

Piaget

Back 20

Stage 1
Sensorimotor Birth to two years
Key development-Object Permanence-when a child recognizes that objects continue to exist even when not in sight.

Stage 2
Preoperational Stage (2-7)
Key development-Conservation-awareness that physical quantities remain constant in spite of changes in shape or appreance.

Other terms in preoperational stage
Centration-tendancy to focus on only one feature of a problem, neglecting other important features.
Irreversibility- inability to envision reversing an action
Egocentrism-limited ability to share others viewpoints
Animism-belief that all things are living.

Stage 3
Concrete Operational stage (7-11)
Key development-Mastery of skills
In this stage child masters skills but is limited to tangible objects and actual events.

Stage 4
Formal Operational Period (11+)
Key development-Increasing ability to use abstract thinking, develop thoughts systematically, use logic, and reflect on thoughts.

Front 21

Vygotsky

Back 21

Placed emphasis of cognitive development on interaction with parents, teachers, and older children

This results in cognitive growth based on sociocultural characteristics of the people the child is in contact with.