Psychology Chapter 10

Front 1

Developmental psychology:

Back 1

the study of continuity and change across the life span.

Front 2

Prenatal stage:

Back 2

from conception to birth.

Front 3

Zygote:

Back 3

a single cell that contains chromosomes from both a sperm and an egg.

Front 4

Germinal stage:

Back 4

the 2-week period of prenatal development that begins at conception.

Front 5

Embryonic stage:

Back 5

the period of prenatal development that lasts from the 2nd week until about the 8th week.

Front 6

Fetal stage:

Back 6

the period of prenatal development that lasts from the 9th week until birth.

Front 7

Myelination:

Back 7

the formation of a fatty sheath around the axons of a brain cell.

Front 8

placenta

Back 8

links the mother’s bloodstream to the developing embryo or fetus.

Front 9

Teratogens:

Back 9

agents that damage the process of development, such as drugs and viruses.

Front 10

fetal alcohol syndrome:

Back 10

a developmental disorder that stems from heavy alcohol use by the mother during pregnanc

Front 11

Infancy:

Back 11

the stage of development that begins at birth and lasts between 18 and 24 mos.

Front 12

Motor development:

Back 12

the emergence of the ability to execute physical action.

Front 13

reflexes:

Back 13

specific patterns of motor response that are triggered by specific patterns of sensory stimulation.

Front 14

cephalocaudal rule:

Back 14

the “top-to-bottom” rule that describes the tendency for motor skills to emerge in sequence from the head to the feet.

Front 15

proximodistal rule:

Back 15

the “inside-to-outside” rule that describes the tendency for motor skills to emerge in sequence from the center to the periphery.

Front 16

Cognitive development:

Back 16

the emergence of the ability to understand the world.

Front 17

sensorimotor stage (birth – infancy):

Back 17

schemas, assimilation, accommodation, and object permanence.

Front 18

preoperational stage:

Back 18

(2 – 6 yrs.).

Front 19

concrete operational stage

Back 19

(6 – 11 yrs.): conservation and mental representations.

Front 20

formal operational stage

Back 20

(11 yrs. – adulthood).

Front 21

Egocentrism:

Back 21

the failure to understand that the world appears differently to different observers.

Front 22

Theory of mind:

Back 22

the idea that human behavior is guided by mental representation, which gives rise to the realization that the world is not always the way it looks and that different people see it differently.

Front 23

Attachment:

Back 23

the emotional bond that forms between newborns and their primary caregivers.

Front 24

internal working model of attachment:

Back 24

a set of expectations about how the primary caregiver will respond when the child feels insecure.

Front 25

Temperaments:

Back 25

characteristic patterns of emotional reactivity.

Front 26

preconventional stage:

Back 26

the morality of an action is primarily determined by its consequences for the actor.

Front 27

conventional stage:

Back 27

the morality of an action is primarily determined by the extent to which it conforms to social rules.

Front 28

postconventional stage:

Back 28

the morality of an action is determined by a set of general principles that reflect core values.

Front 29

Adolescence:

Back 29

the period of development that begins with the onset of sexual maturity (about 11-14 yrs.) and lasts until the beginning of adulthood (about 18-21 yrs.).

Front 30

puberty:

Back 30

the bodily changes associated with sexual maturity.

Front 31

primary sex characteristics:

Back 31

bodily structures that are directly involved in reproduction.

Front 32

secondary sex characteristics:

Back 32

bodily structures that change dramatically with sexual maturity but that are not directly involved in reproduction.

Front 33

Adulthood:

Back 33

the stage of development that begins around 18-21 yrs. and ends at death.

Front 34

preconventional stage:

Back 34

the morality of an action is primarily determined by its consequences for the actor.

Front 35

conventional stage:

Back 35

the morality of an action is primarily determined by the extent to which it conforms to social rules.

Front 36

postconventional stage:

Back 36

the morality of an action is determined by a set of general principles that reflect core values.

Front 37

preconventional stage:

Back 37

the morality of an action is primarily determined by its consequences for the actor.

Front 38

Adolescence:

Back 38

the period of development that begins with the onset of sexual maturity (about 11-14 yrs.) and lasts until the beginning of adulthood (about 18-21 yrs.).

Front 39

conventional stage:

Back 39

the morality of an action is primarily determined by the extent to which it conforms to social rules.

Front 40

puberty:

Back 40

the bodily changes associated with sexual maturity.

Front 41

postconventional stage:

Back 41

the morality of an action is determined by a set of general principles that reflect core values.

Front 42

primary sex characteristics:

Back 42

bodily structures that are directly involved in reproduction.

Front 43

Adolescence:

Back 43

the period of development that begins with the onset of sexual maturity (about 11-14 yrs.) and lasts until the beginning of adulthood (about 18-21 yrs.).

Front 44

secondary sex characteristics:

Back 44

bodily structures that change dramatically with sexual maturity but that are not directly involved in reproduction.

Front 45

puberty:

Back 45

the bodily changes associated with sexual maturity.

Front 46

Adulthood:

Back 46

the stage of development that begins around 18-21 yrs. and ends at death.

Front 47

primary sex characteristics:

Back 47

bodily structures that are directly involved in reproduction.

Front 48

secondary sex characteristics:

Back 48

bodily structures that change dramatically with sexual maturity but that are not directly involved in reproduction.

Front 49

Adulthood:

Back 49

the stage of development that begins around 18-21 yrs. and ends at death.