Psychology Chapter 1

Front 1

An employee who states, "I'm not exactly sure what efficiency is" is following the critical-thinking guideline to:

Back 1

define key terms

Front 2

A primary reason for the start of the feminist psychology movement was:

Back 2

the tendency of researchers to include only men as subjects of psychological studies.

Front 3

The principle of Occam's razor suggests that critical thinkers:

Back 3

should choose the explanation that accounts for the most evidence while making the fewest unverified assumptions.

Front 4

Psychologists who take a sociocultural perspective focus on:

Back 4

how cultural rules and values influence people's development, behavior, and feelings.

Front 5

When asked if he believed in the death penalty, Jon answered, "People have free will and are entirely responsible for any crimes they commit." This statement is

Back 5

an assumption.

Front 6

Structuralism lost favor as a school of thought in part because:

Back 6

the method of introspection was not reliable.

Front 7

Resisting claims that have no support requires:

Back 7

open-mindedness.

Front 8

Critical thinkers are reminded to define their terms so that:

Back 8

they know where to look for answers to their questions.

Front 9

Psychoanalysis differed from structuralism and functionalism in that it:

Back 9

had a greater impact on the direction of the field of psychology.

Front 10

The "lazy thinker" is most likely to say:

Back 10

"I just know it's true."

Front 11

Of the following, the best example of psychobabble as defined in the text is:

Back 11

"I don't believe the research. In my experience, children raised by gay parents are more likely to grow up to be gay."

Front 12

Students beginning an introductory psychology course generally hold beliefs about human behavior that are based on:

Back 12

"common sense" and personal experience."

Front 13

"I hate my school, and so does everyone else," is an example of:

Back 13

argument by anecdote.

Front 14

One of the strongest reasons that belief in psychobabble is difficult to eliminate is that:

Back 14

it validates and confirms existing beliefs.

Front 15

Freud argued that many psychological symptoms and disorders result from:

Back 15

conflicts and emotional traumas that occurred in childhood and are too threatening to be remembered consciously.

Front 16

One contribution to psychology by John Locke was:

Back 16

the idea that the mind works by associating ideas arising from experience.

Front 17

Psychoanalysis is the school of thought that focused on

Back 17

the mental causes of depression, nervousness, and obsessions.

Front 18

Among Wilhelm Wundt's main contribution to the field of psychology was:

Back 18

the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig.

Front 19

The primary job of a counseling psychologist is to:

Back 19

help people deal with problems of everyday life.

Front 20

Beliefs that are taken for granted are known as:

Back 20

assumptions.

Front 21

The psychologist most likely to study how people grow and change over time is the:

Back 21

developmental psychologist.

Front 22

Social psychologists have taken an interest in the brain and have developed a new specialty called:

Back 22

social-cognitive neuroscience.

Front 23

The psychological approach that emphasizes perception, memory, language and problem solving, is called the:

Back 23

cognitive perspective.

Front 24

Observing, analyzing, and reporting one's own mental processes is known as:

Back 24

introspection.