Psychology Chapter 1

Front 1

Accuracy

Back 1

gathering of laboratory and real world data precisely

Front 2

Correlation

Back 2

events not necessarily causally relative

Front 3

Counseling Psychologist

Back 3

psychologist who works with people who have behavior problems; career planning; marriage and family problems; and parenting

Front 4

Debriefing

Back 4

information revealed following an experiment

Front 5

Educational

Back 5

psychologist who focuses on how learning proceeds in the classroom, how intelligence affects performance, and the relationship between personality and learning

Front 6

Introspection

Back 6

description and analysis of what one is thinking and feeling or just thought about

Front 7

Engineering

Back 7

psychologist who focuses on how to use machines most efficiently

Front 8

Forensic

Back 8

psychologist who focuses on legal issues and often evaluate whether an inmate is ready for parole, or whether a specific rehabilitation program is achieving its goals

Front 9

Health

Back 9

psychologist who focuses on the way life-style changes can facilitate health improvement

Front 10

Hypothesis

Back 10

educated guess

Front 11

Industrial/Organizational

Back 11

psychologists concerned with the way employers evealuate employees; they focus on personnel selection, employee motication, work behavior, and work appraisals

Front 12

Objectivity

Back 12

evaluating research without preconceived ideas

Front 13

Participant

Back 13

previously known as the subject of an experiment; one whose behavior is observed for data collection

Front 14

Psychology

Back 14

science of behavior and mental processes

Front 15

Replication

Back 15

repeating an experiment to verify results

Front 16

Sample

Back 16

group that is assumed to represent the population

Front 17

Sports

Back 17

emerging field that focuses on brain-behavior interactions

Front 18

Theory

Back 18

collection of interrelated ideas

Front 19

Variables

Back 19

a condition or characteristic of a situation or person

Front 20

Applied Psychologists

Back 20

conduct research and then use their findings to solve practical problems

Front 21

Experiment Psychologist

Back 21

try to identify and understand the basic elements of behavior andmental processes; an approach not a specific field; does not define the topics they examine

Front 22

Independent Variable

Back 22

variable in a controlled experiment that the experimenter directly and purposely manipulates to see how the other variables under study will be affected

Front 23

Dependent Variable

Back 23

The variable in a controlled experiment that is expected to change because of the manipulation of the independent variable

Front 24

Operational Definition

Back 24

definition of a variable in terms of the set of methods or procedures used to measure or study that variable

Front 25

Interview

Back 25

a face to face meeting in which a series of standardized questions are used to gather detailed information

Front 26

Thinking Critically

Back 26

consists of evaluating evidence, sifting through choices, assessing outcomes, and deciding whether conclusions make sense; being open minded but evaluative

Front 27

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

Back 27

the unwitting creation by a researcher of a situation that unintentionally allows his or her expectancies to influence the participants or the situation

Front 28

Humanistic Psychologists

Back 28

human beings have free will to determine their destiny

Front 29

Eclectic Approach

Back 29

follows all traditional approaches

Front 30

Experiment Strengths

Back 30

Manipulation of variables to control outside influences; best method for identifying causal relationships

Front 31

Experiment Weaknesses

Back 31

Laboratory environment is artificial; limited generalizability of findings; manipulation of some variables is unethical or impractical

Front 32

Questionnaire Strengths

Back 32

Effective means of measuring actions, attitudes, opinions, preferences, and intentions of large numbers of people

Front 33

Questionnaire Weaknesses

Back 33

Lack of explanatory power; validity of findings is limited by sample; reliability is difficult to determine; self-report may be inaccurate or biased

Front 34

Interview Strengths

Back 34

Allows a wide range of responses; follow-up questions are possible

Front 35

Interview Weaknesses

Back 35

Does not enable researchers to draw conclusions about causal relationships; time-consuming

Front 36

Naturalistic Observation Strengths

Back 36

Behavior is unaffected by a researcher's manipulations

Front 37

Naturalistic Observation Weaknesses

Back 37

Little opportunity to control variables; time-consuming

Front 38

Case Study Strengths

Back 38

Extensive evidence is gathered on a single person

Front 39

Case Study Weaknesses

Back 39

Lack of generalizability of findings; time-consuming