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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Psychology Definition
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Psychology is the science of behavior and cognitive processes.
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Behavior Definition
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Observable action or reaction by a living organism.
ie. overt motor movements, speech, language, brain activity |
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Cognitive Process Definition
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Every aspect of our mental life
ie. thoughts, memories, dreams, fantasies, reasoning |
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Origins of Psychology
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Physiology and Philosophy
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Structuralism Definition
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An early view of psychology suggesting that the field should focus on identifying the basic structure of the human mind. Emphasis on introspection.
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Behaviorism Definition
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The view that only observable, overt activities that can be measured scientifically should be studied by psychology.
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Grand Issues of Psychology
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Stability/Change
Rationality/Irrationality Learning/Heritability (Nature v Nurture) |
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Problems with Common Sense
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It can be contradictory
Conformation Bias Availability Heuristic |
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Conformation Bias Definition
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The tendency to verify our own ideas because we recognize and accept the evidence that supports it more readily.
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Availability Heuristic Definition
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A mental shortcut suggesting that the easier it is to bring something to mind, the more frequent or important it is.
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Research Methods
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Observation
Correlation Survey Experimentation |
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Types of Observation
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Systematic Observation
Case Method Naturalistic Observation -- No Causality |
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Systematic Observation Definition
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The natural world is observed and measured in a very careful manner.
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Case Method Definition
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Detailed information about individuals is used to develop general principles about behavior.
ie. Freud |
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Naturalistic Observation Definition
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Behavior is studied in the settings where it usually occurs.
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Correlation Research
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Determines the degree of association between data from experiments, case studies, or surveys.
The goal is to determine the degree to which two or more variables are related. |
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Survey Definition
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Gain information and attitudes and behaviors of a population.
General Approaches: Questionaries and Interviews --May Determine Causality |
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Experimentation
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Can Determine Causality if control groups are assigned randomly, independent and dependent variables are controlled
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