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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The process of detecting a physical stimulus, such as light, soud, heat, or pressure.
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sensation
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The process of integrating, organizing, and interpreting sensations.
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perception
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Specialized cells unique to each sense organ that respond to a particular form of sensory stimulation.
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Sensory receptors
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The process by which a form of physical energy is converted into a conded neural signal that can be processed by the nervous system.
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transduction
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The smallest possible strength of a stimulus that can be detected in half the time.
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absolute threshold
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The smallest possible difference between two stimuli that can be detected in half the time
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difference threshold
also called just noticable difference |
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A principle of sensation that holds that the size of the just noticable difference will vary depending on its relation to the strength of the original stimulus.
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Weber's law
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The perception of stimuli that are below the threshold of conscious awareness.
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subliminal perception
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The decline in sensitivity to a constant stimulus.
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sensory adaptation
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The distance from one wave peak to another.
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wavelength
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A clear membrane covering the visible part of the eye that helps gather and direct incoming light.
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cornea
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The opening in the middle of the iris that changes size to let in different amounts of light.
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pupil
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The colored part of the eye, which is the muscle that controls the size of the pupil.
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iris
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A transparent structure located behind the pupil that actively focuses, or bends, light as it enters the eye.
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lens
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The process by which the lens changes chape to focus incoming light so that it falls on the retina.
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accomodation
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A thin, light-sensitive membrane located at the back of the eye that contains the sensory receptors for vision.
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retina
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The long, thin, blunt sensory receptors of the eye that are sensitive to light, but not to color, and that are primarily responsible for peripheral vision and night vision.
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rods
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The short, thick pointed sensory receptors of the eye that detect color and are responsiblefor color vision and visual acuity.
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cones
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A small area at the center of the retina, composed entirely of cones, where visual information is most sharply focused.
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fovea
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Area of the retina without rods or cones, where the optic nerve exits the back of the eye.
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optic disk
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The point and which the optic nerve leaves the eye, producing a small gap in the field of vision.
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blind spot
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In the retina, the specialized neurons that connect to the bipolar cells; the bundled axons of the ganglion cells from the optic nerve.
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ganglion cells
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In the retina, the specialized neurons that connect the rods and cones with the ganglion cells.
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bipolar cells
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The thick nerve that extis from the back of the eyeand carries visual informaion to the visual cortex of the brain.
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optic nerve
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Point in the brain where the optic nerve fibers from each eye meet and partly cross over to the opposite side of the brain.
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optic chiasm
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The perceptual experience of different wavelengths of light, involving hue, saturation (purity), and brightness (intensity).
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color
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The property of wavelengths of light known as color; different wavelengths correspond to our subjective experience of different colors.
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hue
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The property of color that corresponds to the purity of the light wave.
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saturation
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The percieved intensity of a color, which corresponds to the amplitude of the light wave.
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brightness
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The theory that the sensation of color results because cones in the retina are especially sensitive to red light (long wavelenghts), green light (medium wavelenghts), or blue light (short wavelengths).
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trichromatic theory of color vision
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One of several inherited forms of color deficiency or weakness in which an individual cannot distinguish between certain colors.
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color blindness
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A visual experience that occurs after the original source of stimulation is no longer present.
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afterimage
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The theory that color vision is the product of opposing pairs of color receptors, red-green, blue-yellow, and black-white; when one member of a color pair is stimulated, the other member is inhibited.
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opponent-process theory of color vision
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