Psychology Ch.3

Front 1

consciousness

Back 1

our awareness of ourselves and our environment.

Front 2

cognitive neuroscience

Back 2

study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language).

Front 3

dual processing

Back 3

principle that information is often simultaneiously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks.

Front 4

selective attention

Back 4

the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus.

Front 5

inattentional blindness

Back 5

failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere.

Front 6

change blindness

Back 6

failing to notice changes in the environment.

Front 7

circadian rhythm

Back 7

the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24 hr cycle.

Front 8

REM sleep

Back 8

rapid eye movement sleep, a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except minor twitches) but other body systems are active.

Front 9

alpha waves

Back 9

the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.

Front 10

sleep

Back 10

periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness-as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation. (Dement)

Front 11

hallucinations

Back 11

false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus.

Front 12

delta waves

Back 12

the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep.

Front 13

insomnia

Back 13

recurring problems in falling or staying asleep.

Front 14

narcolepsy

Back 14

a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.

Front 15

sleep apnea

Back 15

a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings.

Front 16

night terrors

Back 16

a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified, unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during Stage 4 sleep, within 2 or 3 hrs of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered.

Front 17

dream

Back 17

a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind. They have hallucinatory imagery, discontiuities, and incongruities, and later difficulties remembering it.

Front 18

manifest content

Back 18

according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden, content).

Front 19

latent content

Back 19

according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest comtent).

Front 20

REM rebound

Back 20

the tendincy for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakening durin REM sleep).

Front 21

hypnosis

Back 21

a social interaction in which 1 person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur.

Front 22

posthypnotic suggestion

Back 22

a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors.

Front 23

dissociation

Back 23

a spirit of consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others.

Front 24

psychoactive drug

Back 24

a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods.

Front 25

tolerance

Back 25

the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect.

Front 26

withdrawal

Back 26

the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug.

Front 27

physical dependence

Back 27

a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued.

Front 28

psychological dependence

Back 28

a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions.

Front 29

addiction

Back 29

compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences.

Front 30

depressants

Back 30

drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions.

Front 31

barbiturates

Back 31

drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment.

Front 32

opiates

Back 32

opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety.

Front 33

stimulants

Back 33

drugs (such as caffeine, nicotin, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and Ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.

Front 34

amphetamines

Back 34

drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes.

Front 35

methamphetamine

Back 35

a powerfully adictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels.

Front 36

Ecstasy (MDMA)

Back 36

a synthetic simulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition.

Front 37

hallucinogens

Back 37

psychedelic ("mind-manifesting") drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.

Front 38

LSD

Back 38

a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide).

Front 39

THC

Back 39

the major active ingredient in marijuana, triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations.

Front 40

near-death experience

Back 40

an altered stae of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations.