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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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The mental processes that are involved in acquiring, storing, retrieving, and using information.
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Cognition
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What are the 8 parts to cognition?
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Decision making
Reasoning Sensation Perception Imagery Concept Formation Language Problem solving Dr. Spic-flp |
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A mental category used to represent a class or group of objects, people, organizations, events, situations, or relations that share common characteristics or attributes
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Concept
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Example: Funiture, tree, student, college, wedding
No specific details; just categories |
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A concept that is clearly defined by a set of rules, a formal definition or classification system.
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Formal Concept
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Example: Something learned from a teacher; "E. coli is an enteric bacteria".
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A concept acquired not from a definition but through everyday perception and experiences.
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Natural Concept
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Example: Learning differences between 2 concepts not because it was formally taught; House vs. Townhouse: naturally learning the differences by observation
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A decision-making approach in which alternatives are evaluated against criteria that have been ranked according to importance.
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Elimination of aspects aka "process of elimination"
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Example: Choosing a car; eliminating cars that are not black
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A rule of thumb that is derived from experience and used in decision making and problem solving, even though there is no guarantee of its accuracy or usefulness
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Heuristics
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Example: eating at a hole-in-the-wall restaurant vs. commercial restaurant is better tasting (not always true).
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Rapidly formed judgments based on "gut feelings" or "instincts".
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Intuition
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Example: Going "all-in" in poker because something in the back of your mind is telling you to do so.
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Overestimation of the importance of a factor by focusing on it to the exclusion of other relevant factors
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Anchoring
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Example: Buying a car; looking at the odometer reading vs. other great qualities.
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The process of considering alternatives and choosing among them
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Decision making
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A rule of thumb that applies a solution that solved a problem in the past to a current problem that shares many features with the past problem
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Analogy heuristic
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Example: Pick up lines & white lies
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A heuristic strategy in which a person discovers the steps needed to solve a problem by defining the desired goal and working backward to the current condition
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Working backwards
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Whats another term for working backwards?
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Backward search
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A systematic, step-by-step procedure, such as a mathematical formula, that guarantees a solution to a problem of a certain type if applied appropriately and executed properly.
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Algorithm
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Example: Shooting a free-throw
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Thoughts and actions required to achieve a desired goal that is not readily attainable.
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Problem solving
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The failure to use familiar objects in novel ways to solve problems because of a tendency to view objects only in terms of their customary functions.
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Functional fixedness
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Example: Forks for poking & spoons for soups; Filipino, forks for pushing rice into spoon
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Selective attention to information that confirms preexisting beliefs about the best way to solve a problem and ignore data that contradict them.
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Confirmation bias
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It worked last time (past) but still continue to do so even if it didn't work the 1st or 2nd (present).
Example: Slot machines, they won the 1st time and they continue to play again and again even if they loss a lot of money. |
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The tendency to apply a familiar strategy to the solution of a problem without carefully considering the special requirements of that problem.
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Mental set
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Example: using an old charting system vs. new one regardless if the new one is more efficient and effective.
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A means of communicating thoughts and feelings using a system of socially shared but arbitrary symbols (sounds, signs, or written symbols) arranged according to rules of grammar.
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Language
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A heuristic strategy in which the current position is compared with the desired goal and series of steps are formulated and take to close the gap between them
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Means to an end
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Lecture exam; breaking it down chapter by chapter and studying them instead of holistically studying everything all at once. Or maybe breaking it day by day.
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The smallest units of sound in a language; "c" = cuh
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Phonemes
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The smallest units of meaning in a language. "re" = to do over
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Morphemes
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The aspects of grammar that specifies the rules for arranging and combining words to form phrases and sentences.
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Syntax
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The meaning or the study of meaning derived from morphemes, words, and sentences.
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Semantics
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Pet: I have a pet dog; She will pet the dog
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The patterns of intonation and social roles associated with a language.
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Pragmatics
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I love you; I'm in love with you; I have love for you; I love that pizza
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The notion that the language a person speaks largely determines the nature of that person's thoughts.
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Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis
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An individual's ability to understand complex ideas, to adapt effectively to the environment, to learn from experience, to engage in various forms of reasoning, and to overcome obstacles through mental effort.
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Intelligence
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What are the concepts to intelligence?
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Understand
Adapt Learn Engage Overcome Vowels L = I |
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Who created the G and S factor & Stanford-Binet IQ test?
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Spearman
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Who created the 7 primary mental abilities?
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Thurston
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Who created the 8 frames of mind?
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Gardner
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Who created the 3 triarchic theory of intelligence?
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Sternberg
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Spearmans' term for a general intellectual ability that underlies all mental operations to some degree
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G factor
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Spearmans term for specific intellectual abilities.
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S factor
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Test to indicate the level of general intelligence.
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Stanford-Binet IQ test
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What were the 7 primary mental abilities?
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Verbal comprehension
Numerical ability Spatial relations Perceptual speed Word fluency Memory Reasoning |
MR.
Vick Couldn't Nibble Along Sandy's Ripe Pussy She Was Frightened |
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What were the 8 frames of mind?
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Linguistics
Mathematical Spatial Bodily-Kinesthetic Musical Interpersonal Intrapersonal Naturalistic |
B Slimmin
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Howard Gardner's proposal that there are several independent forms of intelligence
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Theory of multiple intelligence
AKA? |
8 frames of mind
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Sternberg's theory that there are three types of intelligence: componential, experiential, and contextual
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3 Triarchic theory of intelligence
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What are the 3 types of intelligence according to Sternberg?
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Componential
Experiential Contextual |
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According to Sternberg, what is another term of intelligence that is "book smart" or analytical intelligence?
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Componential
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According to Sternberg, what is another term of intelligence that is "street smart" or practical intelligence?
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Contextual
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According to Sternberg, what is another term of intelligence that is creative thinking and problem solving?
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Experiential
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A measure of what a person has learned up to a certain point in his or her life.
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Achievement test
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A test that predicts future performance in a particular setting or on a specific task.
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Aptitude test
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A test of individual differences in general intellectual ability
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Intelligence test
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The debate over whether intelligence and other traits are primarily the result of heredity or environment.
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Nature vs. Nurture
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An index of the degree to which a characteristic is estimated to be influenced by heredity.
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Heritability
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What are 2 parts of emotional intelligence and explain each of them?
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Personal - awareness and management of our own emotions; expressing them appropriately
Interpersonal - Empathetic; to understand another's feelings |
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The ability to apply knowledge about emotions to everyday life.
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Emotional intelligence
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