Psychology: Ch 6

Front 1

A healthy outcome during infancy is the quality of ?

Back 1

caregiving

Front 2

Erikson's first stage is?

Back 2

basic trust vs. mistrust

Front 3

Erikson's second staget is?

Back 3

autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Front 4

basic autonomy and trust grow out of ___,___ parenting and reasonable expectations for impulse control starting in the 2nd yr

Back 4

warm,sensitive

Front 5

what is the most reliable cue for babies feelings and emotions

Back 5

facial expressions

Front 6

happiness,interest,surprise are universial in humans and other primates have a long evoluntarily history of promoting survival and can be directed inferred from facial expression

Back 6

basic emotions

Front 7

what are the two global arousal states:

Back 7

attraction to a pleasant stimulation and withdrawl from an unpleasant stimulus

Front 8

at this age face, voice, and posture form well-organized signals that vary meaningful w/ enviornmental events

Back 8

6 months

Front 9

at this age infants smile at interesting sights

Back 9

end of first month

Front 10

social smile-a broad grin

Back 10

6 to 10 weeks

Front 11

laughter occurs at this age?

Back 11

3 to 4 months

Front 12

at this age infants smile more and laugh when interacting with familiar people

Back 12

middle of first year

Front 13

fear rises during this age?

Back 13

second half of the first year

Front 14

frequent expression of fear is to unfamiliar adults, called:

Back 14

stranger anxiety

Front 15

babies use familiar cargivers as a:

Back 15

secure base-point from which to explore, venturing into the enviornment and then returning for emotional support

Front 16

stranger anxiety and fear decline during this age due to cognitive development and discriminating more effectivly

Back 16

first 2 years

Front 17

infants become sensitive to the structure and timing of face to face interactions

Back 17

4 months

Front 18

infants perceive facial expressions as organized patterns and can match the emotion in a voice with the appropriate face of a speaking person

Back 18

5 months

Front 19

infants engage in ____ which they actively seek emotional information from a trusted person in an uncertain situation

Back 19

social referencing

Front 20

humans are capable of a second,higher-order set of feelings including guilt,shame,embarrasment, they are called:

Back 20

self-conscious emotion-because each involves injury to or enhancement of our sense of self

Front 21

self-conscious emotions appear at this age?

Back 21

18 to 24 months

Front 22

refers to strategies we use to adjust our emotional state to a comfortable level of intensity so we can accomplish our goals

Back 22

emotional self-regulation

Front 23

rapid development of the ___ lobes of the cerebral cortex increases the baby's tolerance for stimulation

Back 23

frontal

Front 24

what age? ability to shift attention helps ifants control emotion

Back 24

4 months

Front 25

at this age infants have a vocabulary for talking about feelings

Back 25

end of second year--happens rapidly

Front 26

early-appearing stable individual differences in reactivity and self-regulation

Back 26

temperament

Front 27

refers to quickness and intensity of emotional arousal,attention,and motor activity

Back 27

reactivity

Front 28

refers to strategies that modify that reactivity

Back 28

self-regulation

Front 29

_____ practices can modify children's temperaments considerbly

Back 29

parenting

Front 30

quickly establishes regular routines in infancy, is generally cheerful, and adapts easily to new experiences

Back 30

easy child

Front 31

this type of temperament is 40% of the sample

Back 31

easy child

Front 32

irregular in daily routines, What tempermant:is slow to accept new experiences and tends to react negatively and intensely

Back 32

difficult child

Front 33

this type of temperament is 10% of the sample:

Back 33

difficult child

Front 34

what temperament:inactive, shows mild, low-key reactions to enviornmental stimuli,is negative in mood and adjusts slowly to new experiences

Back 34

slow-to-warm-up child

Front 35

this type of temperament is 15% of the sample:

Back 35

slow-to-warm-up child

Front 36

this temperament has sparked the most interest because it places children at high risk for adjustment problems

Back 36

difficult

Front 37

this temperament has fewer problems in early years, but show excessive fearfulness and slow behavior in the late preschool years and school years

Back 37

slow-to-warm-up child

Front 38

the self-regulatory dimension of temperament, the capacity to voluntarily suppress a dominant response in order to plan and execute a more adaptive response

Back 38

effortful control

Front 39

the stability of temperament is

Back 39

low to moderate, children who score low/high on attention span respond similary down the road

Front 40

identical twins are more similar than _____ across a wide range of temperamental and personality traits

Back 40

fraternal twins

Front 41

on average half of individual differences have been attributed to differences in

Back 41

genetic makeup

Front 42

consistent ____ and ___ differences in early temperament exist

Back 42

ethnic and sex

Front 43

what other influence is powerful on temperament

Back 43

enviornment

Front 44

Parents tendency to empahsize each childs unique quality affects their _____ practices

Back 44

child rearing

Front 45

describes how temperament and enviornment can together produce favorable outcomes, it involves creating child rearing enviornments that recognize each child's temperament while encouraging more adaptive functioning

Back 45

goodness of fit model