Psychology Ch. 5

Front 1

a single sperm cell penetrates the outer coating of the egg and fuses to form one fertilized cell

Back 1

conception

Front 2

the fertilized egg, for 2 weeks it undergoes rapid cell division and develops into an embryo

Back 2

zygote

Front 3

developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month

Back 3

embryo

Front 4

developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth

Back 4

fetus

Front 5

agents such as certain viruses and drugs that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm

Back 5

teratogens

Front 6

caused by mothers heavy drinking

Back 6

fetal alcohol syndrome

Front 7

baby's tendency, when touched on the cheek to turn toward the touch, open mouth and search for nipple

Back 7

rooting reflex

Front 8

biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience

Back 8

maturation

Front 9

begin to roll, sit, crawl, walk

Back 9

motor development

Front 10

concepts / mental molds into which we pour our experiences; organizes and interprets information

Back 10

schemas

Front 11

involves incorporating new experiences into our current understanding

Back 11

assimilation

Front 12

process of adjusting a schema and modifying it

Back 12

accommodate

Front 13

looking, hearing, touching, mouthing and grasping

Back 13

sensorimotor stage

Front 14

awareness that objects continue to exist when not perceived

Back 14

object permanence

Front 15

children from 2 years old to about 6-7 years old are too young to perform mental operations

Back 15

preoperational stage

Front 16

peoples ideas about their own and others mental states- about their feelings, perceptions and thoughts and the behavior these might predict

Back 16

theory of mind

Front 17

6-7 year olds grasp conservation problems and mentally pour liquids back and forth into glasses of different shapes conserving their quantities

Back 17

concrete operational stage

Front 18

beginning at the age of 12, which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts

Back 18

formal operational stage

Front 19

in the fear of strangers that develops at around 8 months. this is the age which infants form schemas for familiar faces and cannot assimilate a new face

Back 19

stranger anxiety

Front 20

emotional tie with another person

Back 20

attachment

Front 21

harlow showed that infants bond with surrogate mothers because of bodily contact and not because of nourishment

Back 21

body contact

Front 22

sense that the world is predictable and reliable

Back 22

basic trust

Front 23

sense of ones identity and personal worth, emerges gradually around 6 months

Back 23

self-concept

Front 24

children are more confident, independent, optimistic, assertive and sociable

Back 24

positive self-concept

Front 25

as life between childhood and adulthood

Back 25

adolescence

Front 26

time when one is maturing sexually

Back 26

puberty

Front 27

stage during puberty when the reproductive organs and external genitalia develop rapidly

Back 27

primary sexual characteristics

Front 28

nonreproductive traits such as breasts and hips in girls and facial hair and deepening of voice in boys develop . pubic hair and armpit hair grows in both sexes

Back 28

secondary sexual characteristics

Front 29

until puberty neurons increase their connections. however, at adolescence, selective pruning of the neurons begins

Back 29

brain development

Front 30

during adolescence neurons in the frontal cortex grow myelin which speeds up nerve coduction

Back 30

frontal cortex

Front 31

affirms peoples agreed-upon rights or follows personally perceived ethical principles

Back 31

postconventional mortality

Front 32

by early adolescence, social rules and laws are upheld for their own sake

Back 32

conventional morality

Front 33

before age 9 children show morality to avoid punishment or gain reward

Back 33

preconventional morality

Front 34

more than moral thinking. when posed with simulated moral dilemmas, the brains emotional areas only light up when the nature of the dilemmas is emotion-driven

Back 34

moral feeling

Front 35

involves doing the right thing. people who engage in doing the right thing develop empathy for others in the self-discipline to resist their own impulses

Back 35

moral action