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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are phenotypes?
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directly observable characterstics
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What are genotypes?
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complex blend of genetic info that determines who we are
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rodlike structures that store and transmit genetic info
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chromosomes
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chromosomes are made up of a chemical substance called
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DNA
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a segment of DNA along the length of the chromosome
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gene
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a feature of DNA that can duplicate itself through a process called
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mitosis
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Gametes are sex cells, they are formed through a cell division process called? which halves the number of chromosomes
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meiosis
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when sperm and egg come together the cell is called a? and will have how many chromosomes?
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zygote, 46
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22 of the 23 chromosomes are called? whereas the other set of chromosome is called ?
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autosomes, sex chromosomes
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How do fraternal or dizygotic twins come about?
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results in the release/fertilization of 2 eggs
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How do identical twins come about?
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zygote that started to duplicate seperates into 2 clusters forming two individuals
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each form of a gene is called a?
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allele
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if the allele of both parents are alike then its? if the allele(gene) are different then its?
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homozygous
heterzygous |
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Dominant recessive inheritance means?
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only one allele(Gene) affects the child which would be the dominant gene, the other has no effect is known as the recessive
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PKU affects the body how?
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they lack an enzyme to break it down, it builds up in the body becoming toxic and damages the CNS
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Huntington disease is caused by a recessive or dominant?
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dominant
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a pattern on inheritance in which both alleles are expressed, resulting in a combined trait, or one that is intermediate between the 2
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incomplete dominance
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an example of a disorder that is heterozygous and is inherited by 2 recessive genes is?
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sickle cell anemia
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when a harmful allele is carried on the X chromosome
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X-linked inhertiance, usually affects males
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alleles are marked in such a way that one member of the pair is activated regardless of its makeup
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genetic imprinting
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sudden change in a segment of DNA
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mutation ex: cancer
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many genes influence the characterstics in question such as personality, intelligence
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polygenic inheritance
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down syndrome is caused by ?
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21st pair of chromosomes do not seperate during meosis so they inherit 3 chromosomes instead of 2
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klinefelter syndrome is?
turner syndrome is? |
extra X chromosomes
missing X chromosomes |
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what type of ppl ten to marry and have children younger?
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semiskilled manual occupations such as machinist, custodians
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What type of working class fails to engage in family interaction and parenting causing childrens behavior to worsen in high school and have high levels of anxiety and depression
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high SES
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measure the extent to which individual differences in complex traits in a specific population are due to genetic factors
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heritablility estimates
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% of instances in which both twins show a trait when it is present in one twin
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concordance
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tendency of heredity to restrict the development of some characterstics to just one of a few outcomes
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canalization
ex: walking would be hard to canalize but babbling wouldnt be |
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passive correlation means?
evocative correlation means? |
child has no control over-being a good athlete
evoke responses that are influenced by the child's heridity-active, friendly baby will receive more social stimulation |
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the tendency to actively choose enviornments that complement our heredity is called?
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niche-picking shows why identical twins living far from each other stil had similiar hobbies, food preferences even though they lived 1000 miles away from each other
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development resulting from ongoing, bidirectional exchanages between heredity and all levels of the enviornment
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epigenesis
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