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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Personality
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Stable patterns of emotions, motives & behavior of one person
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Who- Psychodynamic theory
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Sigmund Freud
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Psychodynamic theory
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personality characterized by conflict
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Personality conflicts
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First external, then internalized. Behavior is result of them
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Who- Psychosexual development theory
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Sigmund Freud
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Psychosexual development
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three levels of awareness and psychoanalysis
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What are the 3 levels of awareness in psycho sexual development
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conscious, pre and unconscious
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What is psychoanalysis
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form of therapy used to explore the unconscious mind
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Structure of personality
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3 psychic structures- 1)Id- pleasure principle 2)Ego- reality principle 3)Superego- moral priciple
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What structure of personality is the reality principle
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Ego
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What structure of personality is the moral principle
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superego
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What structure of personality is the pleasure principle
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Id
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Which structure of personality is the defense mechanisms with
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ego
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Which structure of personality is identification under
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superego
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What are the stages of psychosexual development
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oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
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What is the oral stage of psychosexual development
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conflict centers on nature and extent of oral gratification
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What does excessive or insufficient gratification from the oral psychosexual stage lead to
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fixation
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What is the anal stage of psychosexual development
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focuses on the control of elimination of waste
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What is learned during the anal stage of psychosexual development
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delay gratification-self control
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What is the phallic stage of psychosexual development
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Oedipus or electra complex- resolved through identification with same sex parent
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What is the latency stage of psychosexual development
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sexual feelings remain unconscious
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What is the gential stage of psychosexual development
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incest taboo
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Name 4 neo-freudians
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Carl Jung, Alfred Alder, Karen Horney, and Erik Erikson
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Who was Carl Jung, what kind of psychology was he involved in and what did it believe?
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A neo-freudian, analytical psychology and downplayed importance of sexual instinct, collective unconscious and archetypes
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Who was Alfred Adler, what kind of psychology was he involved in and what did he believe
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neo-freudian, individual psychology and believed people are motivated by an inferiority complex, drive for superiority and creative self
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Who was Karen Horney and what did she believe
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neo-freudian, and argued girls do not feel inferior to boys and social relationships are more important than unconscious sexual and aggressive impulses
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Who was Erik Erikson what part of psychology was he involved in and what did he purpose
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neo-freudian, psychosocial development, and purposed eight stages that named traits that should develop at each stage.
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What was Erik Erikson’s first stage
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trust versus mistrust
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According to Erik Erikson, what was the goal of adolescence
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attainment of ego identity
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What are the 4 things in evaluation of psychodynamic perspective
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shift to examination of problems as having a psychological source, focused attention on childhood experiences, no evidence for existence of psychic structures and problems with clinical method for gathering evidence
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What are traits
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reasonably stable elements of personality that are inferred from behavior
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What did Hippocrates believe, when did he live
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ca. 460-377BCE, personality depends on the balance of four fluids (humors) in the body and disease was reflected by imbalance and was restored through bloodletting and vomiting
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Were bloodletting and vomiting once a way to cope with depression
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yes
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What did Charles Spearman believe
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factor analysis and heritable traits embedded in nervous system
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What did Gordon Allport do and in what year
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1936 and catalogued 18,000 human traits
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What is Hans Eysenck’s trait theory
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focused on relationship between introversion-extraversion and stability-instability(neuroticism)
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T or F- 25000 years ago a Greek physician devised a way of looking at personality that remains in use today
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true, with his way changed a little
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What are the big five basic personality factors
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extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness to experience
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What is a popular way of developing personality types
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The Big Five model
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What has research shown to have relationship with inborn temperament
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cross-cultural application
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True or False- There are no basic personality traits. We are all conditioned by society to behave in certain ways.
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False
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What are two biological factors that contribute to traits
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heredity and neurotransmitters
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What are two types of temperament traits
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shyness and behavioral inhibition, and antisocial personality disorder
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Has the trait theory been more descriptive or more explanatory
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descriptive
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Have personality tests been used to identify certain types related to occupations
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yes
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Was John B. Watson cognitive or behaviorist
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behaviorist
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Was B.F. Skinner cognitive or behaviorist
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behaviorist
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What did John B. Watson believe (relating to traits)
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focused on determinants of observable behavior, not unseen, undetectable, unconscious forces
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What did B. F. Skinner believe relating to traits
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emphasized the effects of reinforcements on behavior
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What did the criticism perspective believe relating to traits
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ignored the role of choice and consciousness
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Who is famous for the social cognitive theory
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Albert Bandura
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What is the social cognitive theory
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focuses on learning by observation and cognitive processes or personal differences
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What two variables were involved in the social cognitive theory
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person and situational
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What did the social cognitive theory believe predicting behavior was based on
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expectancies about the outcome and subjective values perceived about those outcomes
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What are self-efficacy expectations in the social cognitive theory
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beliefs we can accomplish certain things
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What is observational learning
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acquiring knowledge by observing others
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What are two other terms for observational learning
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modeling or cognitive
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What is unconditional positive regard
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accept child as having intrinsic merit regardless of present behavior
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What is conditional positive regard
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accept child only when they behave in the desired manner
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What are conditions of worth
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develop in response to conditional positive regard
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What is the Humanistic-Existential Perspective
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focuses on conscious experience
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What two kinds of conscious experience does the Humanistic-Existential perspective focus on
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private and subjective
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Does the Humanistic-Existential perspective address development of traits and personality types
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no
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What is an individualists
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define self in terms of personal identities and gives priority to personal goals
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What is a collectivist
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defines self in terms of groups to which you belong and gives priority to the group’s goals
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True or false- the most well-adjusted immigrants abandon all of their culture and take culture of new country
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False
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What are three patterns of adjustment
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complete assimilation, bicultural, and complete separation
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Is there a higher or lower self esteem in those who do not surrender their culture
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higher
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What is the sociocultural perspective
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considers roles of ethnicity, gender, culture and socioeconomic status in personality formation. And enhances our sensitivity to cultural differences and expectations
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What is validity in personality tests
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extent to which test measures what it is supposed to measure
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What is reliability in personality tests
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stability of one’s results from one testing to another
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What are three important factors in personality tests
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validity, stability and standardization
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Where are behavior-rating scales used
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classrooms or mental hospitals
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Where is decision making personality testing used
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occupations, school and medications
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What are aptitude and interest scales
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personality tests
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Can psychologists tell if a person has lied on a personality test
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no
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What are objective personality test and what kind of format is this
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presented with standardized group of test items in form of questionnaire, forced-choice format
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What is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
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designed to diagnose psychological disorders
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What are projective tests and give 2 examples
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no specified answers- Rorschach inkblot test and thematic apperception test
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What do the two response in a Rorschach inkblot test signify
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response reflecting shape of ink- sign of adequate reality testing, response that integrates several features on an inkblot- sign of high intellectual functioning
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In the ink blot test what does a response with several features signify
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high intellectual functioning
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In the ink blot test what does a response of its shape signify
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adequate reality testing
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What is the Thematic Apperception test and when is it used
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asked to make up stories about drawings(open to various interpretations). Used in research on motivation and to determine attitudes toward others
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