Psychology Ch 1 The Evolution Of Psychology

Front 1

What is psychology?

Back 1

a broad field with many specialities, but fundamentally psychology is the study of behavior & mental processes

Front 2

What is 'psyche'?
What is 'ology'?

Back 2

psyche - mind
ology - study of
(psychology = study of the mind)

Front 3

What is psuedopsychology?

Back 3

erroneous assertions of practices set forth as being scientific psychology

Front 4

What do psychologists do? (3 major categories)

Back 4

- experimental psychology
- teaching of psychology
- applied psychology

Front 5

what are:
affect?
bx?
cognition?

Back 5

affect - emotion
bx - behavior
cognition - thought

Front 6

What do experimental psychologists do?

Back 6

- conduct most research across psychological spectrum
- may work in private industry or for the govt.
- often teach at college or university

Front 7

What do applied psychologists do?

Back 7

use knowledge developed by experimental psychologists to solve human problems

Front 8

What types of applied psychologists are there?

Back 8

- I/O: Industrial/Organizational
- Sports: help professionals with pressure
- Engineering: instruct engineers what would be most efficient for the population
- School: help with school issues
- Rehabilitation: help one adjust back into 'normal' life
- Counseling: administer therapy -> for adjustment issues (short time)
- Clinical: admin. therapy -> for illnesses/mental disorders

Front 9

What can people in psychology do and what degrees can they have?

Back 9

- make diagnosis, prognosis
- communication
- Ph. D/Masters

Front 10

What can people in psychiatry do and what degree do they have?

Back 10

- medical - precribe medications
- M.D.

Front 11

How did modern psychology develop/what traditions were there?

Back 11

modern psychology developed from several conflicting traditions, including:
-structuralism
-functionalism
-Gestalt psych
-behaviorism
-psychoanalysis

Front 12

Describe structuralism
Who created it?

Back 12

- devoted to uncovering basic structures that make up mind & thought
- created by Wilhelm Wundt: 1879, Leipzig (introduced introspection: observing consciousness: not scientific)

Front 13

Descrube functionalism
Who created it?

Back 13

- believed mental processes could best be understood in terms of their adaptive purpose and function
- William James (observed people) -> inspired by Charles Darwin -> natural seletion -> observed people

Front 14

Describe Gestalt psychology
Who found it?

Back 14

- interested in how we construct "perception wholes"
- elements vx. whole
- Max Wertheimep

Front 15

Describe behaviorism
Who found it?

Back 15

- arugued psychology should deal solely with observable events
- John B. Watson

Front 16

Describe psychoanalysis
Who found it?

Back 16

- asserted mental disorders arise from conflicts in the unconscious mind
- Sigmund Freud -> mental disorders come from unconscious mind

Front 17

Which traditions still exist?

Back 17

behaviorism & psychoanalysis

Front 18

What are the 9 modern perspectives of psychology?

Back 18

- biological
- developmental
- cognitive
- psychodynamic
- humanistic
- behavioral
- sociocultural
- evolutionary/sociobiological
- trait

Front 19

Describe the biological perspective of psychology.

What determines behavior?

Question for study?

Back 19

- view of human nature: we are complex systems that respond to hereditary & environmental influences

- bx determined by neural strucs, biochem, & inborn responses to external cues

- ?: how do heredity, the nervous system, and the endocrine system produce behavior & mental processes?

Front 20

Describe the developmental perspective of psychology.

What determines behavior?

Questions for study?

Back 20

- view of human nature: we undergo predictable patterns of change throughout our lives

- bx determined by interaction between heredity * environment

- ?s: what are the patterns that characterize developmental change?
what are the genetic * environmental influences underlying these patterns?

Front 21

Describe the cognitive perspective of psychology.

What determines behavior?

Question for study?

Back 21

- view of human nature: people are information-processing systems

- bx determined by mental interpretation of our experience

- ?: how do mental processes, including sensation, perception, learning, memory, and language influence behavior?

Front 22

Describe the psychodynamic perspective of psychology.

What determines behavior?

Question for study?

Back 22

- view of human nature: we are driven by dark forces of the unconscious

- bx determined by unconscious needs, conflicts, repressed memories, & childhood experiences

- ?: how does the energy generated in the unconscious mind motivate our actions and accound for mental disorders?

Front 23

Describe the humanistic perspective of psychology.

What determines behavior?

Question for study?

Back 23

- view of human nature: emphasizes human growth & potential

- bx determined by the influence of self-concept perceptions and interpersonal relationships & ongoing need for personal growth

- ?: how can the humanistic theory be applied to enhance mental health through counseling & therapy?

Front 24

Describe the behavioral perspective of psychology.

What determines behavior?

Questions for study?

Back 24

- view of human nature: behavior is primarily shaped by learning

- bx determined by: stimulates cues and our hustory of rewards & punishments

- ?s: what are the 'laws' that associate our responses with stimulus conditions?
how can they be applied to improve the human condition?

Front 25

Describe the sociocultural perspective of psychology.

What determines behavior?

Questions for study?

Back 25

- view of human nature: people are social animals, so human behavior must be interpreted in social context

- bx determined by the cultures, social norms & expectations, social learning

- ?s: under what conditions is the social & cultural situation predictive of behavior?
how are social influences different across cultures?

Front 26

Describe the evolutionary/sociobiological perspective of psychology.

What determines behavior?

Question for study?

Back 26

- view of human nature: behavior is developed & adapted over time

- bx determined by natural selection

- ?: how do behavior & individual differences develop & change?

Front 27

Describe the trait perspective of psychology.

What determines behavior?

Questions for study?

Back 27

- view of human nature: individual differences result from differences in our underlying patterns of stable characteristics

- bx determined by each person's unique combination of traits

- ?s: how many fundamental traits are there?
how can we use trait patterns to predict behavior?