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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nature vs. Nurture Controversy |
the longstanding controversy over the relative |
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Behavior Genetics |
the study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior. (p. 130) |
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Evolutionary Psychologists |
study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection. (p. 139) |
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Environment |
every nongenetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us. (p. 130) |
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Chromosomes |
threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes. (p. 130) |
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Heritability |
the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. The heritability of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied. (pp. 137, 389) |
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DNA |
a complex molecule containing the genetic |
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Genes |
the biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; a segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein. (p. 130) |
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Genome |
the complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism’s chromosomes. (p. 131) |
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Identical Twins |
twins who develop from a single (monozygotic) fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms. (p. 132) |
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Fraternal Twins |
twins who develop from separate (dizygotic) fertilized eggs. They are genetically no closer than brothers and sisters, but they share a fetal environment. (p. 132) |
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Biopsychology |
Concerned with the links between biology |
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Neuroscience |
Concerned with the links between biology |
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Genotype |
Genetic makeup of a cell, an organism, or an individual usually with reference to a specific characteristic under consideration. |
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Phenotype |
Composite of an organism's observable characteristics or traits. |
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Dominant Gene |
Traits that are more common than recessive genes. |
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Recessive Gene |
Traits that are less common than dominant genes. |
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Evolution |
The change in the inherited characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. |
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Natural Selection |
the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most (p. 7, 139) |
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Zygote |
The fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo. (p. 169) |
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Monozygotic Twins |
Identical Twins |
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Dizygotic Twins |
Fraternal Twins |
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Turner Syndrome |
A genetic condition in which a female does not have the usual pair of two X chromosomes.
A chromosomal condition that affects development in females. |
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Klinefelter's Syndrome |
The presence of an extra X chromosome in a male.
A chromosomal condition that affects male physical and cognitive development. |
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Down Syndrome |
A genetic condition in which a person has 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46.
A chromosomal condition that is associated with intellectual disability, a characteristic facial appearance, and weak muscle tone in infancy. |
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Tay-Sachs Syndrome |
A rare inherited disorder that progressively destroys nerve cells (neurons) in the brain and spinal cord causing lack of motor control. |
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Albanism |
A defect of melanin production that results in little or no color (pigment) in the skin, hair, and eyes. |
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Phenyketonuria (PKU) |
A rare condition in which a baby is born without the ability to properly break down an amino acid called phenylalanine. Can be cured if the baby is put on a special diet in the first 30 days of birth. |
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Huntington's Disease |
A disorder passed down through families in which nerve cells in certain parts of the brain waste away, or degenerate. |
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Sex - linked Traits |
Trait that can only affect a certain sex. |
