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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Acetylcholine
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Memory, transmits messages between brain and spinal cord
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Norepinephrine
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Learning, sleep, mood
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Serotonin
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Sex, concentration, mood, sleep
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GABA ( gamma-amino butyric acid)
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Helps to fire neurons, inhibitory receptor
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Dopamine
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Stimulates the hypothalamus to make hormones, pleasure and reward, memory, emotion
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Glutamate
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Excitatory receptor
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Endorphins
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Opiates, natural painkillers
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Axon
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Transportation system for neurotransmitters; long fiber extending from neuron body
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Buttons
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terminal endings on axon branches; synaptic vesicle, neurotransmitter storage area
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Synapse
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Gap between neurons; electrical signals trigger release neurotransmitter and flows through synapse and received by next dendrite
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Dendrite
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branches off neuron body; receive signals from other neurons
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Motor Neuron
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Carry info to muscles
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Interneurons
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Connect between sensory and motor neurons
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Sensory neurons
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carry info from sensory organs
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Action Potential (Electrical Potential)
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Message received by the cell body and thus sent via electrical signal down the axon
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What is a neuron's resting state? |
A neuron will be poised and ready to fire due to the voltage difference where the inside of the neuron is more negatively charged than the outside. |
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What is passive resistance? |
At rest, the membrane is semi-permeable |
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What is active transport like? |
It's like the bouncer at a club. It takes (+) ions outside and lets (-) ions in. |
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Is sodium more abundant outside or inside of the cell? |
It is more abundant outside. It wants to go inside the cell but at rest, the cell membrane is not permeable. |
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What do sodium-potassium pumps do? |
They actively pump K+ into the cell and Na+ ions out. |
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How do you get a neuron to fire? |
An action potential occurs when an ion gets a chance to change its distribution |
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What happens when a sufficient depolarization occurs at the axon hillock? |
Voltage-gated Na+ channels along axon open and Na+ rushes into the cell. Na+ goes in negative interior across gradient |
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Wht happens when Na= enters the cell? |
We get a reversal of charge |
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What is hyperpolarization? |
This occurs because during an action potential, K+ leaves the cell and when Na+ leaves, there is an excess negative charge. This results in hyperpolarization where the voltage difference is to great for an acton potential to occur. |
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What does the all-or-none law state? |
all action potentials have the same strength regardless of the triggering stimulus |
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What is the presnyaptic neuron? |
The sending neuron |
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What is the postsynatpic neuron? |
The receiving neuron |
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What did Otto Loewi discover? |
That neural communication is not just loalized electrical signals, but chemicals signals that spread as well |
