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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Acetylcholine (ACh) |
-learning -memory -muscle movement |
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Dopamine |
-REWARDS -ADDICTION -mood, arousal, thoughts -Parkinsons: lack of dopamine |
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Serotonin |
-mood, arousal -sleep -hunger -lack of serotonin: depression/bipolar/anxiety SSRIs: block reuptake of serotonin (aka more serotonin) |
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GABA (vs. glutamate) |
-lowers arousal
-lowers anxiety -is an inhibitory neuron |
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Glutamate (vs. GABA) |
-pain perception
-memory -strokes -schizophrenia |
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Endorphins |
-pain relief -pleasure |
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Central Nervous System (CNS) |
Brain + Spinal Chord -brain sends commands to muscles via spinal chord -external env percieved by senses, info sent thru spinal chord into brain (via somatic) |
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Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) |
-Rest of the nervous system 1) Somatic 2) Autonomic -Sympathetic -Parasympathetic |
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Somatic (in PNS) |
-VOLUNTARY -carries mvmt commands to muscles -external environment |
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Autonomic (PNS) |
INVOLUNTARY -internal environment |
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Sympathetic Nervous System (in Autonomic in PNS) |
"Fight or Flight" |
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Parasympathetic Nervous System (in Autonomic in PNS) |
"Rest and Digest" |
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Endocrine System |
-communication via bloodstream -hormones secreted by endocrine glands |
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Pituitary Gland |
-w/in Hypothalamus -controls other glands' secretion of hormones |
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Brainstem |
-essential body functions -conciousness (arousal levels) -sleep -Medulla (body functions & Pons (upper, sleep and dreams) |
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Cerebellum |
-located under occipital -balance -coordination -very affected by alcohol |
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Thalamus |
Relay station of signals, directs signal traffic in brain |
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Limbic System |
Hypothalamus, Pituitary Gland, Amygdala, Hippocampus |
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Basal Ganglia |
-involved in rewards -damaged in parkinson's |
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Hypothalamus |
Controls: body functions, autonomic (involuntary), endocrine |
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Hippocampus |
memory formation |
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Amygdala |
process emotions and fear |
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Cerebral Cortex |
d |
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Corpus Callosum |
-mylinated axons which connect R and L brain -sometimes cut in seizure patients |
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Frontal Lobe |
MOTOR CORTEX Prefrontal cortex Broca's area (speech production, grammar and verbs) ONLY IN LEFT |
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Parietal Lobe |
SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX -pain, pressure, temprature |
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Temporal Lobe |
AUDITORY CORTEX Wernicke's area (Speech comprehension/organization, word salad) ONLY IN LEFT |
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Occipital Lobe |
VISUAL CORTEX |
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Broca's area vs Wernicke's area |
Speech production vs. speech comprehension |
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Sleep stages |
1. Nodding off, light sleep 2. Sleep Spindles (decreased brain activity to keep you asleep) 3. Slow Wave - transitional 4. Slow wave - Deep sleep 5. REM |
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Sleep Spindles |
-decreased brain activity to keep you asleep -random bursts of brain activity |
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REM, REM rebound |
-paradoxical -body paralyzed, no frontal lobe (logic) -rapid breathing |
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Dream Theories |
-Cognitive theory = REVIEW, memory consolidation -Activation-synthesis theory = RANDOM |
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Agonist |
d |
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Antagonist |
d |
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Depressant |
d |
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Stimulant |
d |
