Psychology And Life Ch. 11

Front 1

the process of starting, directing, and maintaining physical and psychological activities; includes mechanisms involved in preferences for one activity over another and the vigor and persistence of responses

Back 1

motivation

Front 2

internal state that arises in response to a disequilibrium in an animals' physiological needs

Back 2

drive

Front 3

constancy or equilibrium of the internal conditions of the body

Back 3

homeostasis

Front 4

external stimulus or reward that motivates behavior although it does not relate directly to biological needs

Back 4

incentive

Front 5

preprogrammed tendency that is essential to a species's survival

Back 5

instinct

Front 6

the learning theory that stresses the role of observation and the limitation of behaviors observed in others

Back 6

social learning theory

Front 7

maslow's view that basic himan motives form a hierarchy and that the needs at each level of the hierarchy must be satisfied before the next level can be achieved; these needs progress from basic biological needs to he need for self-actualization

Back 7

hierarchy of needs

Front 8

an eating disorder in which an individual weighs less than 85 percent of her or his expectedd weight but still expresses intense fear of becoming fat

Back 8

anorexia nervosa

Front 9

an eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by measures to purge the body of excess calories

Back 9

bulimia nervosa

Front 10

an eating disorder characterized by out of control binge eating without subsequent purges

Back 10

binge eating disorder

Front 11

the motivational state of excitement and tension brought about by physiological and cognitive reactions to erotic stimuli

Back 11

sexual arousal

Front 12

the time and energy parents must spend raining their offspring

Back 12

parental investment

Front 13

socially learned program of sexual responsiveness

Back 13

sexual script

Front 14

unwanted sexual violation by social acquaintance in the context of a consensual dating situation

Back 14

date rape

Front 15

a projective test in which pictures of ambiguous scenes are presented to an individual, who is encouraged to generate stories about them

Back 15

thematic apperception test

Front 16

an assumed basic human need to strive for achievement of goals that motivates a wide range of behavior and thinking

Back 16

need for achievement

Front 17

judgement about the causes of outcomes

Back 17

attribution

Front 18

psychologist who studies various aspects of the human work environment, such as communication amoung employees, socialization or enculturation of workers, leadership, job satisfaction, stress and burnout, and overall quality of life.

Back 18

organizational psychologist

Front 19

a congitive theory of work motivation that proposes that workers are motivated to maintain fair and equitable relationships with other relevant persons; also, a model that postulates that equitable relationships are those in which the participants outcomes are proportional to their inputs

Back 19

equity theory

Front 20

a congnitive theory of work motivation that propses that workers are motivated when they expect their efforts and job performance to result in desired outcomes

Back 20

expectancy theory

Front 21

According to Ekman, ___ is NOT considered to be a basic emotion.

Back 21

love

Front 22

Happiness is to fear as

Back 22

approach is to withdrawal

Front 23

The ___ theory of emotion suggests that interpretation of one's physiological changes immediately precedes an emotion.

Back 23

James-Lange

Front 24

The cognitive theory of emotion seems to embrace the study of the levels at the ___.

Back 24

brain, person, and group

Front 25

The amygdala plays a crucial role with respect to the emotion of ___.

Back 25

fear

Front 26

The notion that there are distinct events that underlie fear provides support for the ___ theory.

Back 26

James-Lange

Front 27

Suppose Oliver is given statements about actions that he may have committed during a polygraph. Such a test would be called the ___.

Back 27

guilty actions test

Front 28

Our ___ refer to the requirements and desires that lead us to behave in a particular way at a particular time and place.

Back 28

motivations

Front 29

An inherent flaw in evolutionary theories of motivation is that they are ___.

Back 29

difficult to test

Front 30

Suppose you are to give an important speech soon. As such, you'll likely perform the best if you have ___ arousal.

Back 30

intermediate

Front 31

A(n) ___ is a condition that arises when you have an unmet goal that will not fill a requirement.

Back 31

want

Front 32

A key part of the brain involved in nondeprived reward is in the ___.

Back 32

brain stem

Front 33

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, ___ needs are higher than cognitive needs.

Back 33

aesthetic

Front 34

Learned helplessness is often associated with ___.

Back 34

depression

Front 35

Your ___ plays a particularly important role in eating behavior.

Back 35

hypothalamus

Front 36

The relationship between insulin and hunger could be said to be ___.

Back 36

negative

Front 37

Your set point is often likened to that of a ___.

Back 37

thermostat

Front 38

Henry has gone on a starvation diet. As such, he may soon experience all of the following EXCEPT ___.

Back 38

sleeping more

Front 39

It is estimated that roughly ___% of all sexual acts are for reproductive reasons.

Back 39

2

Front 40

According to Masters and Johnson, the final stage of sexual activity is called ___.

Back 40

resolution

Front 41

Gay men tend to have ___ more so than heterosexual men.

Back 41

older brothers

Front 42

If you stick a pencil in your mouth, so that as you bite down on it, the corners of your lips turn up, you will feel happier.
true or false

Back 42

True

Front 43

The classic Schacter and Singer study on the cognitive interpretation of emotion would now be considered unethical (at least in part).
true or false

Back 43

True

Front 44

White women are generally happier than White men.
true or false

Back 44

True

Front 45

If you are unhappy with your life or yourself, you should just learn to adjust since genes are destiny.
true or false

Back 45

False

Front 46

At John's funeral, his secretary seems more upset than his wife. Such a perception by others has implications for display rules.
True or false

Back 46

True

Front 47

Suppose Ken watches Jane with his legs relaxed and open; as such, he probably has some sexual interest in her.
True or false

Back 47

True

Front 48

People can voluntarily dampen down the mechanisms that underlie emotion.
True or false

Back 48

True