Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
chronological age
|
the # of months of years since a person's birth
|
|
|
developmental age
|
the chronological age at which most people show the particular level of physical or mental development demonstrated by that child.
|
|
|
longitudinal design
|
the same individuals are repeatedly observed and tested over time often for many years
|
|
|
cross sectional design
|
groups of participants of different chronological ages are observed and compared at one and the same time
|
|
|
Eleanor Gibson and Richard Work
|
how children respond to depth information "visual cliff"
|
|
|
Maturation
|
refers to the process of growth typical of all members of a species who are reared in the specie's usual habitat
|
|
|
puberty
|
brings about sexual maturity
|
|
|
menarche
|
onset of menstruation for girls
|
|
|
Jean Jacques Rousseau
|
nature or evolutionary legacy that each child brings into the world, is the mold that shapes development
|
|
|
John Locke
|
Credits human development to expirience
|
|
|
Jean Piaget
|
Cognitive Development theory
Schemes-enable individuals to interpret the world |
|
|
Sensorimotor stage
|
birth-2
infant's behavior is based on a limited array of inborn schemes sucking, looking, grasping, pushing |
|
|
Object permanence
|
children understanding that objects exist and behave independently of their actions or awareness
|
|
|
Preoperational Stage
|
2-7years of age
egocentrism-child's inability to take the perspective of another person centration-attention captured by perceptually striking features of objects |
|
|
Concrete Operational Stage
|
7-11
actions performed in the mind that give rise to logical thinking |
|
|
conservation
|
know that the physical properties of objects do not change when nothing is added or taken away, even though the objects' appearance changes
|
|
|
Formal Operation Stage
|
11 on
final stage of cognitive growth, thinking becomes abstract |
|
|
phonemes
|
the minimal meaningful units in a language
difference between "light" and "right" |
|
|
Child directed speech, motherese, parentese
|
when adults speak to infants and young children, use special type of language
|
|
|
overregularization
|
eg. children learn past tense rule- ad -ed to all verbs
doed, breaked |
|
|
Erik Erikson
|
psycho social stage each present a particular conflict or crisis
|
|
|
Konrad Lorenz
|
geese raised by human will imprint human instead of on one of their own
|
|
|
Imprinting
|
some species the infant automatically becomes imprinted on the first moving object it sees
|
|
|
attachment
|
an intense enduring social-emotional relationship
|
|
|
John Bowlby&Mary Ainswoth
|
Strange situation test
Securely attached Insecurely attached-avoidant Insecurely attached-ambivalent resistent |
|
|
ageism
|
prejudice against older people
|
|
|
gender
|
psychological phenomenon referring to learned sex-related behaviors and attitudes
|
|
|
James Lang theory
|
eliciting stimulus
arousal and action Perceived arousal, interpretation of action Emotional feeling |
|
|
Cannon-Bard theory of emotion
|
theory states that an emotion stimulus produces two concurrent reactions, arousal and experience of emotion, that do not cause each other
|
|
|
Cognitive Appraisal Theory
|
Stanley Schachter
emotional feeling is the joint effect of physiological arousal, cognitive appraisal. |
|
|
chronic stress
|
state of enduring arousal, continuing over time
|
|
|
acute stress
|
typically clear onset and offset patterns
|
|
|
psychosomatic disorders
|
when the body is stressed chronically, the increased production of "stress hormones" compromises the integrity of the immune system
|
|
|
hozho
|
Navajo concept, means harmony, peace of mind, goodness, ideal family relationships, beauty in arts and crafts, and health of body and spirit
|
|
|
Type A behavior pattern
|
excessively competitive, aggressive, impatient, time urgent, hostile
|
|
|
Type B behavior pattern
|
less competitive, less hostile...
|
|
|
Traits
|
enduring qualities or attributes that predispose individuals to behave consistently across situations
|
|
|
Cardinal traits
|
traits around which ones life is organized
|
|
|
Central traits
|
traits that represent major characteristics of a person like honesty or optimism
|
|
|
secondary traits
|
specific personal features that help predict an individual's behavior
|
|
|
psychodynamic personality theories
|
Sigmund Freud
assumption that powerful inner forces shape personality and motivate behavior |
|
|
Repression
|
psychological process that protects an individual from experiencing extreme anxiety or guilty about impulses
|
|
|
Ego defense mechanisms
|
mental strategies the ego uses to defend itself in the daily conflict between id impulses that seek expression and the superego's demand to deny them
|
|
|
anxiety
|
Freudian theory
an intense emotional response triggered when a repressed conflict is about to emerge into consciousness |
|
|
Alfred Adler
|
believed that as helpless dependent small children, people all experience feelings of inferiority
|
|
|
Albert Bandura
|
social learning approach
understanding personality studied aggressive behavior in children |
|
|
reciprocal determinism
|
implies that you much examine all components if you want to completely understand human behavior personality and social ecology
|
|
|
objective test
|
personality inventory
statements-indicate true false MMPI-basic purpose is to diagnose individuals according to a set of psychiatric labels NEO-PI-designed to assess personality characteristics in nonclinical adult populations |
|
|
Projective test
|
a person is given a series of stimuli that are purposely ambiguous such as abstract patterns, incomplete pictures or drawings that can be interpreted in many ways
|
|
|
The Rorschach
|
Projective test
shows an inkblot and asks "What might this be?" |
|
|
The TAT
|
Projective test
respondents are shown pictures of ambiguous scenes and asked to generate stories about them |
|
|
Psychopathological functioning
|
involves disruptions in emotional, behavioral, or thought processes that lead to personal distress
|
|
|
abnormal psychology
|
the area of psych investigation most directly concerned with understanding the nature of individual pathologies of mind, mood and behavior
|
|
|
DSM-IV-TR
|
Classifies, defines, and describes over 200 mental disorder
|
|
|
Substance-use disorder
|
dependence on and abuse of alcohol and drugs
|
|
|
Somatoform disorder
|
involves physical symptoms, such as paralysis or pains in a limb that arise without a physical cause
|
|
|
Sexual disorders
|
involves problems with sexual inhibition or dysfunction and deviant sexual pracitices
|
|
|
comorbidity
|
combination of disorder simultaneously
|
|
|
Panic disorder
|
experience unexpected, severe panic panic attacks that may last only minutes
|
|
|
Phobias
|
person suffers from a persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation
|
|
|
obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
|
Obsessions are thoughts images or impulses that recur or persist despite a person's efforts to suppress them
|
|
|
Bipolar disorder, Manic depressive
|
characterized by periods of severe depression alternating with manic episodes
|
|
|
personality disorder
|
long standing inflexible, maladaptive pattern of perceiving, thinking, or behaving
|
|
|
paranoid personality disorders
|
show a consistent pattern of distrust and suspiciousness about the motives of the individuals with whom they interact
|
|
|
histrionic personality disorder
|
characterized by patterns of excessive emotionality and attention seeking
|
|
|
narcissistic personality disorder
|
characterized by patterns of excessive emotionality and attention seeking
|
|
|
narcissistic personality disorder
|
a grandiose sense of self-importance, a preoccupation with fantasies of success or power, and a need for constant admiration
|
|
|
Antisocial personality disorder
|
marked by long-standing pattern of irresponsible or unlawful behavior that violates social norms
|
|
|
dissociative disorder
|
disturbance in the integration of identity, memory, or consciousness
|
|
|
dissociative amnesia
|
The forgetting of important personal experiences, a process caused by psychological factors in the absence of any organic dysfuntion
|
|
|
Dissociative identity disorder (DID)
|
a dissociative mental disorder in which two or more distinct personalities within the same individual
|
|
|
schizophrenic disorder
|
a severe form of psychopathological in which personality seems to disintegrate, thought and perception are distorted, and emotions are blunted
|
