Psychology

Front 1

Discriminant Stimulus

Back 1

Stimulus associated with the presence of reinforcement. When we snap our fingers to get a dog's attention, our gesture is considered the discriminant stimulus

Front 2

Stimulus Generalization

Back 2

Eliciting a response to stimuli similar to but not identical to the original stimulus

Front 3

Stimulus discrimination

Back 3

Displaying a less pronounced response to stimuli that differs from the original stimulus.

Front 4

The Premack Principle

Back 4

We can positively reinforce a less frequent behavior with a more frequent behavior.

Front 5

Primary and Secondary reinforcers

Back 5

In a token economy we recieve tokens (secondary reinforcers) to cash in for rewards (primary reinforcers

Front 6

Extinction

Back 6

In operant conditioning, when we stop giving reinforcement, behavior increases significantly before declining altogether. "It gets worse before it gets better."

Front 7

Acquisition

Back 7

When we learn, or acquire the CR

Front 8

stimulus generalization

Back 8

In classical conditioning, Pavlov's dog responded to the metronome and like sounding stimulants. This is stimulus generalization

Front 9

Stimulus Discrimination

Back 9

The opposite of stimulus generalization; it happens when we inhibit a less pronounced conditioned response to a CS.

Front 10

Conditioned response (CR)

Back 10

A response previously associated with a nonneutral stimulus that is now elicited by a neutral stimulus

Front 11

Unconditional Response (UCR)

Back 11

A response that is involuntary; getting sick from food poisoning.

Front 12

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)

Back 12

Ilicits an automatic response. In pavlov's experiment, the meat powder is the unconditioned stimulus.

Front 13

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

Back 13

Initially neutral stimulus

Front 14

Fixed Ratio (FR) Schedule

Back 14

Reinforcement provided on a fixed schedule. We give a rat a pellet after it presses the lever 15 times.

Front 15

Fixed Interval (FI) Ratio

Back 15

Reinforcement provided after a time period. We give a rat a pellet after it presses the lever after 10 minutes

Front 16

Variable Ratio (VR) Schedule

Back 16

Reinforcement provided after a behavior is performed a set number of times, but distributed on average. We give a rat a pellet on average after 15 behaviors, but randomly giving reinforcement.

Front 17

Latent Learning

Back 17

Learning that is not directly observable. The rats who finished the maze quicker after reinforcement. They knew all along how to finish the maze, but didn't feel the need to show it.

Front 18

Observational Learning

Back 18

Learning by watching others. We can learn to roll a joint by watching Dazed and Confused.

Front 19

Insight Learning

Back 19

When behavior is learned not through trial and error, but after an "Aha!" moment.

Front 20

Instinctive Drift

Back 20

When animals return to instinctive behaviors after repeated reinforcement

Front 21

Habituation

Back 21

The process by witch we respond to stimuli less strongly over the course of a period of time. Loud snorers.