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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Clive Wearing's day to day life like? |
Clive is constantly living in the present, he thinks that every waking moment was his first waking moment from being unconscious. "I havent seen anything, touched anything, smelled anything.. it is like being dead" |
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Discuss Clive Wearing |
Clive wearing was diagnosed with an infection of the brain which destroyed his ability to store any new memories He knows what his wife looks like and can remember skills such as how to play the piano but cannot remember anything since his illness |
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What does Clive have? |
Profound anterograde amnesia AND retrograde amnesia (lost past memories) |
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What does clive write in his journal? |
2:00 pm - I am only now conscious 2:10 pm - This is the first time i am conscious 2:14 pm - NO. I am properly conscious now - Each time he would cross out the previous entry |
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What is memory? |
Memory is the ability to store and retrieve information over time |
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Who proposed the MODAL model of memory? |
Atkinson and Shiffrin |
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Describe the modal model of memory (briefly) |
Information passes through three separate stores - Sensory - Short term memory store - Long term memory store |
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Describe the sensory memory store |
Sensory information is kept here for a few seconds or less In between the sensory memory store and the short term memory the information is processed into nonsensory information |
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Describe the short term memory store |
Nonsensory information is kept in this store for more than a few seconds but less than a minute. Information can then be discarded if the individual does not put effort into keeping the memory alive |
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Describe the long term memory |
A place where information is stored for hours, days, weeks, months and years. |
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Go into more detail about the sensory memory |
The sensory memory has mini stores within it for each of the senses. One store is the iconic store which stores visual information and the other store is the echoic store which stores auditory information. |
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How long does it take for iconic information to decay? |
One second |
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How long does it take for echoic information to decay? |
Five seconds |
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How long can information be held in the short term memory? |
15-20 seconds |
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What is rehearsal |
Repeating information and mentally rehearsing it so it stays in the short term memory - for example when someone tells us to get them a pencil we repeat "pencil" over and over |
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Why does rehearsal work so well? |
Each time we rehearse something it gives that bit of information another 15-20 seconds worth of "shelf life" |
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What is the capacity of the short term memory |
The short term memory can store seven (+-2) meaningful items |
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What is chunking? |
Chunking is the process of grouping smaller items of information together into larger chunks that are more easily held in the short term memory |
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What is the working memory? |
Active maintenance and manipulation of information in short term memory storage Contains subsystems that store and manipulate information |
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What is the visuospatial sketchpad? |
A slave system to the central executive Briefly stores visual and spatial information For example: you want to remember the layout of the chessboard so you know how to make your next move |
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What is the Phonological loop? |
A slave system to the central executive Made up of short term memory store and a articulatory process Briefly stores auditory information Articulatory rehearsal - repeats the words back to keep the memory active |
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Central executive |
An attentional system that coordinates and controls plans of action and outputs |
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Episodic buffer |
Information from the long term memory can be integrated from long term memory into the working memory Temporary store |
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Interference |
The drop in accuracy and response time performance when two tasks tap into the same slave system |
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Two key differences between short and long term memory? |
Duration: STM (15-20 seconds) LTM (up to years) Capacity: STM (7 memorable items) LTM (unlimited) |
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Who is HM? |
Suffered from epilepsy Had temporal lobes removed - including the hippocampus He could not remember what had happened to him AFTER the operation Short and long term memory stores are separate |
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What is consolidation? |
The process whereby information must pass from short term memory into long term memory in order for it to be remembered |
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