Psychology

Front 1

Rationalism

Back 1

Your understanding of the world must be validated; they are not correct

Front 2

Experimental Research DOES / DOES NOT allow us to draw casual conclusions

Back 2

DOES

Front 3

Hypothesis

Back 3

1) theory must be correct, 2) experiment is validated entirely, and 3) auxillary assumptions (are eliminated)

Front 4

Prediction

Back 4

Clear and consise statement of what you expect to observe

Front 5

Daniel Schacter

Back 5

Experiment: split subjects into two groups; 60% high anxiety chose to wait WITH others, 30% low anxiety chose to wait with others (between subject experiment)

Front 6

extraneous variables

Back 6

Variables other than the independent variable that changes the dependent variable: environment, subject design, and word/memory correlation

Front 7

Correlational Research

Back 7

Cannot draw casual conclusions! Level of one variable is related to another in some way

Front 8

3rd Variable Problem

Back 8

We may not know something that will happen in the experiment; prevents us from drawing a conclusion

Front 9

NEURON (three steps)

Back 9

RECEIVE input, INTEGRATE input, and TRANSMITS information

Front 10

Information processing

Back 10

receiving info, manipulating it, and sending it out

Front 11

AXON

Back 11

extension of soma, coated w/ myelin sheath

Front 12

Perfect positive coorelation

Back 12

If A increases, B increases (+1); height and weight

Front 13

Perfect negative coorelation

Back 13

If A increases, B decreases (-1); altitude and oxygen

Front 14

Neurotransmitter

Back 14

polypeptide chain; break threshold --> cell depolarizes --> neuron fires

Front 15

Monoamines

Back 15

Dopamine, Serotonin, Norepinephrine
Causes bipolar disorder

Front 16

Endorphins

Back 16

similar to opiates

Front 17

Candice Pert

Back 17

ENDORPHINS - fell off horse and was hospitalized; wondered why morphine made her feel goof

Front 18

Blood-Brain Barrier

Back 18

Allows fat-soluble molecules to cross, but not water soluble molecules cannot

Front 19

Parkinson's disease

Back 19

body not producing enough dopamine
L-Dopa: fat soluble, crosses blood-brain barrier
NOT a cure

Front 20

Hypoglycemia

Back 20

Body cuts off glucose supply to everywhere but your brain

Front 21

Lateralization

Back 21

proves that two halves of the brain have different functions

Front 22

Corpus Callosum

Back 22

connects two hemispheres of brain

Front 23

Epilepsy

Back 23

neurons fire uncontrollably; causes recurring seizures
can TREAT by severing the CC

Front 24

Left brain responsibilities

Back 24

Language processing/complex
Visual
Auditory
(Rational)

Front 25

Right brain responsibilities

Back 25

Spatial tasks
Patterns
Shape recognition
(Spatial)

Front 26

Lateralization experiment

Back 26

Image seen in left eye- they can NAME what they saw
Image seen in right eye - they CANNOT NAME idem, but can describe it

Front 27

Saccades

Back 27

eyeball jitters to the L and R

Front 28

Phineas Gage

Back 28

steel rod went through his head, proved brain is separated into different functions

Front 29

EEG

Back 29

Electron Encephalograph
measures electrical activity of brain by placing a net of electrodes on someone's head

Front 30

PET

Back 30

Positron emission tomography
inject head w/ sugar
sugar accumulates in part of brain currently functioning
area of brain lights up

Front 31

CAT

Back 31

Computerized Axial Tomography
Pictures of thin slices of the brain are taken
Full stack shows the entire brain
Just a picture, DOES NOT REVEAL FUNCTION

Front 32

MRI

Back 32

Magnetic resonance imaging
Non invasive
Tells us if there is a physical problem with the brain

Front 33

fMRI

Back 33

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
captures FUNCTION and IMAGE of the brain

Front 34

Sensation

Back 34

extracting sensory information from environment

Front 35

Perception

Back 35

refers to our making sense of the environment
Meaning we attach to sensory input
Combining elementary sensory info into complex objects

Front 36

Rationalist Argument

Back 36

All of our experience in the world is not pure sensation, it's PERCEPTION
act as if the world is exactly the way we experience it as being

Front 37

Absolute Threshold

Back 37

intensity of the stimulus that is identified as being present 50% of the time

Front 38

JND

Back 38

Just Noticeable Difference
how much does a stimulus have to change before we notice that a difference has occured?

Front 39

Psychophysical Scaling

Back 39

The more intense the stimulus, the more increase in stimulus required for you to detect a change

Front 40

Retina

Back 40

nerves leaving from retina carry sensory info back to brain

Front 41

Fovea

Back 41

Area where most detail can be seen; high concentration of CONES

Front 42

Rods

Back 42

Black and white
LOW light
Outer part of eye
120 million of them

Front 43

Cones

Back 43

High color
BRIGHT light
about 7 million of them
high visual acuity
CENTER of eye

Front 44

Additive color mixing

Back 44

Red, Green, Blue (RGB)
subtractive color mixing --> red, blue and yellow (cancel out the colors so you get the color you want)

Front 45

Tri-Cromatic Theory

Back 45

specilized receptors for RED, GREEN, and BLUE
CONES very responsive to these

Front 46

Opponent process theory

Back 46

red&green
yellow&blue
black&white

Front 47

Bottom up processing

Back 47

processing that's being driven by stimulus (DATA DRIVEN)
SYNTHESIS

Front 48

Top down processing

Back 48

processing that is already stored in brain
ANALYSIS (really detailed --> symplified)

Front 49

Pavlov

Back 49

early 1900's
dogs began to anticipate food coming; moths would salivate before food came
FATHER OF CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

Front 50

UCS

Back 50

Unconitioned stimulus
produces an unconditioned response (no training)