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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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The Golden Rule |
Always involve a minimum of two conditions, allowing to make comparisons to see the differences |
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Independent Variable (IV) |
What the researcher manipulates in the experiment |
changes |
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Dependent Variable (DV) |
What the researcher measures and records in the experiment |
measure |
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What is the researcher looking at? |
How the IV has caused the effect on the DV |
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Cause and Effect |
One thing causes another to change |
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Types of experiments |
Laboratory, Field, Natural/Quasi |
3 |
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What do they all involve? |
Two groups being compared but there are subtle differences in how they are conducted |
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Extraneous Variable (EV) |
Variables other than the IV that could be causing the change in the DV |
e.g. intelligence |
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Key features of a lab experiment |
1. Takes place in a tightly controlled, artificial environment 2. Researcher directly manipulates the IV 3. Researcher measures the DV 4. Attempt to minimise extraneous variables 5. Use of standardised procedures (same experience) |
5 |
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Who was the Bobo Doll Experiment conducted by? |
Albert Bandura in 1961 |
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Social learning theory |
Learning through observation and imitation |
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Live model |
people in front of us |
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Symbolic model |
Seen in media |
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What did he believe about the models? |
That they were both as influential as each other |
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Which models did the children observe? |
Live models |
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Who will we imitate? why? |
Those who we feel are similar to us (same sex models) because we feel there is a similar chance of receiving the same outcome |
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What do we go through before imitation and what do we think about? |
Internal mental processes to think about the consequences and whether it is desirable before we make the decision to imitate |
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Where did the study take place? |
In psychology labs at Stanford University |
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What was the IV? |
Whether the children were exposed to an aggressive or passive role model ( or no model - control) |
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What was the DV? |
The level of aggression displayed by the child towards the bobo doll |
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Were there any EV's present in this study? |
Some people would argue that the children were not learning to be aggressive and were just trying to please the researcher and parents by doing what they thought they should. Also, some people would argue that the boys were more aggressive because they have higher testosterone |
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Did he keep the procedures standardised? |
Yes, all the children saw the same doll and encountered the same toys |
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Strengths in lab experiments |
High in reliability because they used standardised procedures so they can be repeated, high in internal validity because they take place in a controlled environment and we can minimise EV's to establish the cause and effect |
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Weaknesses in lab experiments |
Low in ecological validity because they take place in an artificial environment so we can't say if it will apply to real life, very high in demand characteristics which means people aren't being natural and they're doing what they think the experimenter wants |
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