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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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personality
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the unique and relatively enduring set of behaviors, feelings, thoughts, and motives that characterize an individual
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trait
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a disposition to behave consistently in a particular way
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behavioral thresholds
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the point at which a person moves from not having a particular response to having one
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quantitative trait loci approach (QTL)
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a technique in behavioral genetics that looks for the location on genes that might be associated with particular behaviors
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unconscious
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one of Freud's three levels of consciousness; it contains all the drives, urges, or instincts that are outside awareness but nonetheless motivate most of our speech, thoughts, feelings, or actions |
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id
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one of Freud's provinces of the mind; the seat of impulse and desire; the part of our personality that we do not yet own; it owns or controls us
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ego
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one of Freud's provinces of the mind; a sense of self; the only part of the mind that is in direct contact with the outside world: operates on the "reality principle"
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superego
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one of Freud's provinces of the mind; the part of the self that monitors and controls behavior; "stands over us" and evaluates actions in terms of right and wrong; hence, our conscience
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defense mechanisms
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unconscious strategies the mind uses to protect itself from anxiety by denying and distorting reality in some way
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reaction formation
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a defense mechanism that occurs when an unpleasant idea, feeling, or impulse is turned into its opposite
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repression
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the unconscious act of keeping threatening thoughts, feelings, or impulses out of consciousness
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projection
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a defense mechanism in which people deny particular ideas, feelings, or impulses and project them onto others
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sublimation
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a defense mechanism that involves expressing a socially unacceptable impulse in a socially acceptable way
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striving for superiority
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according to Adler, the major drive behind all behavior, whereby humans naturally strive to overcome their inherent inferiorities or deficiencies, both physical and psychological
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inferiority complex
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an unhealthy need to dominate or upstage others as a way of compensating for feelings of deficiency
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personal unconscious
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according to Jung, form of consciousness that consists of all our repressed and hidden thoughts, feelings, and motives
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collective unconscious
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according to Jung, form of consciousness that consists of the shared experiences of our ancestors - God, mother, life, death, water, earth, aggression, survival - that have been passed down from generation to generation
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archetypes
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ancient or archaic images that result from common ancestral experiences
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shadow
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according to Jung, the dark and morally objectionable part of ourselves
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anima
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according to Jung, the female part of the male personality
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animus
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according to Jung, the male part of the female personality
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neuropsycholanalysis
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a new scientific movement started in the 90s that combined Freudian ideas with neuroscientific methods
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unconditional positive regard
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acceptance of another person regardless of his or her behavior
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Big Five or five-factor model
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a theory of personality that includes the following five dimensions: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism (OCEAN)
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basic tendencies
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the essence of personality: the Big Five personality dimensions as well as talents, aptitudes, and cognitive abilities
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cortical arousal
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level of activation in the brain
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inter-rater reliability
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measure of how much agreement there is in ratings when using two or more raters or coders to rate personality or other behaviors
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projective tests
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personality assessment in which the participant is presented with a vague stimulus or situation and asked to interpret it or tell a story about what they see
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Rorschach Inkblot test
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a projective test in which the participant is asked to respond to a series of ambiguous inkblots
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personality questionnaires
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self-report instruments on which respondents indicate the extent to which they agree or disagree with a series of statements as they apply to their personality
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rational (face valid) method
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a method for developing questionnaire items that involves using reason or theory to come up with a question
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empirical method
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a method for developing questionnaire items that focuses on including questions that characterize the group the questionnaire is intended to distinguish
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