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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sensation |
The process of detecting, converting, and transmitting raw sensory information from the external and internal environments to the brain. |
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Perception |
The process of detecting, organizing, and interpreting sensory information into meaningful objects and events. |
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Bottom-up processing |
Perceptual analysis that begins at the bottom, with raw sensory data bring sent up to the brain for higher-level analysis; it is data-driven processing that moves from the parts to the whole. |
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Top-down processing |
Perceptual analysis that starts at the top, with higher-level cognitive processes (such as expectation and knowledge), and then works down; it is conceptually driven processing that moves from the whole to the parts. |
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Transduction |
The process whereby sensory receptors convert stimuli into neural impulses to be sent to the brain (for example, transforming light waves into neural impulses). |
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Coding |
The process in which neural impulses travel by different routes to different parts of the brain; it allows us to detect various physical stimuli as distinct sensations. |
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Psychophysics |
The study of the link between the physics characteristics of stimuli and the psychological experience of them. |
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Difference threshold |
The smallest physical difference between two stimuli that is consciously detectable 50% of the time; it is also called the just noticeable difference (JND). |
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Absolute threshold |
The minimum amount of stimulation necessary to consciously detect a stimulus 50% of the time. |
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Subliminal perception |
The perception of stimuli presented below the conscious awareness. |
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Sensory adaptation |
The process by which receptor cells become less sensitive due to constant stimulation. |
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Gate-control theory of pain |
The theory that pain sensations are processed and alerted by certain cells in the spinal cord, which act as gates to interrupt and block some pain signals while sending others onto the brain. |
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Substance p |
A neurotransmitter that opens the pain gate. |
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Receptors |
Eyes, ears, nose, tongue, skin, and internal body tissues. |
