Psychology

Front 1

Motivation

Back 1

The force that moves people to behave, think, and feel the way they do.

Front 2

Instinct

Back 2

An innate (unlearned) biological pattern of behavior that is assumed to be Universal throughout a species.

Front 3

Need

Back 3

A deprivation that energizes the drive to eliminate or reduce the deprivation.

Front 4

Drive

Back 4

An aroused state that occurs because of psychological need.

Front 5

Homeostasis

Back 5

The body's tendency to maintain an equilibrium or a steady-state.

Front 6

Yerkes-Dodson law

Back 6

The psychological principle stating that performance is best under conditions of moderate arousal rather than either low or high arousal.

Front 7

Set point

Back 7

The weight maintained when the individual makes no effort to gain or lose weight.

Front 8

Human sexual response pattern

Back 8

According to Masters and Johnson, the characteristic sequence of psychological changes that humans experience during sexual activity, consisting of four phrases: excitement, Plateau, organism, and resolution.

Front 9

Estrogens

Back 9

The class of sex hormones that predominate in females, produced mainly by the ovaries.

Front 10

Androgens

Back 10

The class of sex hormones that predominate in males, produced by the testes in males and by the adrenal glands in both males and females.

Front 11

Sexual orientation

Back 11

The direction of an individual's erotic interests, today viewed as a Continuum from exclusive male-female relations to exclusive same-sex relations.

Front 12

Hierarchy of needs

Back 12

Maslow's Theory that human needs must be satisfied in the following sequence: psychological needs, safety, love and belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization.

Front 13

Self-actualization

Back 13

The motivation to develop one's full potential as a human being- the highest and most elusive of Maslow's proposed needs.

Front 14

Self-determination Theory

Back 14

Deci and Ryan's Theory asserting that all humans have three basic, innate organismic needs: competence, relatedness, and autonomy.

Front 15

Extrinsic motivation

Back 15

Motivation that involves external incentives such as rewards and punishments.

Front 16

Intrinsic motivation

Back 16

Motivation based on internal factors such as organismic needs (competence, relatedness, and autonomy), as well as curiosity, challenge, and fun.

Front 17

Self-regulation

Back 17

The process by which an organism effortfully controls its behavior in order to pursue important objectives.

Front 18

Emotion

Back 18

Feeling, or affect, that can involve psychological arousal (such as a fast heartbeat), conscious experience (thinking about being in love with someone), and behavioral expression (a smile grimace).

Front 19

Polygraph

Back 19

A machine, commonly called a lie detector, that monitors changes in body, and is used to try to determine whether someone is lying.

Front 20

James-Lange theory

Back 20

The theory that emotion results from psychological States triggered by stimuli in the environment.

Front 21

Cannon-Bard Theory

Back 21

The proposition that emotion and psychological reactions occur simultaneously.

Front 22

Two-factor theory of emotion

Back 22

Schachter and Singer's theory that emotion is determined by two factors: psychological arousal and cognitive labeling.

Front 23

Facial feedback hypothesis

Back 23

The idea that facial expressions can influence emotions as well as reflect them.

Front 24

Display rules

Back 24

Sociocultural standards that determine when, where, and how emotions should be expressed.

Front 25

Negative affect

Back 25

Negative emotions such as an anger, guilt, and sadness.

Front 26

Positive affect

Back 26

Pleasant emotions such as joy, happiness, and interest.

Front 27

Broaden-and-build model

Back 27

Fredrickson's model of positive emotions, stating that the function of positive emotions lies in their effects on an individual's attention and ability to build resources.