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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Biological Explanations - Preparedness |
Bennett-levy and Marteau (Innate tendency to fear particular characteristics of animals that may be threatening) |
Research study |
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Biological Explanations - Preparedness |
Preparedness explains why we do not yet fear modern day objects such as guns..this is because of a genome lag that takes time to develop such fears |
Evaluation point only |
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Biological Explanations - Genetics |
Ost 1994 - 64% of blood-injection phobics have a first degree relative with the same disorder suggesting that through genetics, family member can display the same psychopathology |
Family studies |
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Biological Explanations - Genetics |
Kendler et al 1992 - 2163 female twin pairs and found a 15.3% concordance rate with DZ twins and 24.4% concordance rate with MZ twins, suggesting that there is a biological influence..however this proves that psychopathology isn't entirely down to genetics or the concordance rate of MZ's would be 100%. Bias sample. Large sample. |
Twin study |
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Biological Explanations - Genetics |
Some phobias appear to have stronger heritability such as blood-injection (could be those with higher evolutionary value for survival) |
Genetic components |
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Biological Explanations - Genetics |
Onset may involve diathesis-stress model where individuals inherit varying vulnerabilities with environmental triggers ultimately controlling whether the disorder is developed |
Diathesis Stress |
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Biological Explanations- Genetics |
Although evidence from twin and family studies suggests a genetic influence, related individuals may simply acquire the same phobias through having the same environmental experiences or through imitation |
Behaviourism (LT) |
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Biological Explanations - Biochemical |
Success of chemotherapies support the biochemical idea, suggesting an involvement of GABA and biological amines.
However success could be due to drugs decreasing anxiety enough so that individuals can cope..without addressing the real underlying problems |
Chemotherapy |
