Psychology

Front 1

Natural Observation Definition

Back 1

Participants are carefully observed in their natural setting without interference.

Front 2

Natural Observation Pros

Back 2

Method is good if a researcher wants participants to be reacting normal but it can be time consuming.

Front 3

Natural Observation Cons

Back 3

Researchers should be inconspicuous and do nothing. To the change of the environment or behavior of participants.

Front 4

Natural Observation When to use

Back 4

Anthropologist unobtrusively observing wild gorillas.

Front 5

Survey Definition

Back 5

Questioning a large group of people about their attitudes, beliefs, etc.

Front 6

Survey Pros

Back 6

Method is quick and efficient.

Front 7

Survey Cons

Back 7

However it is sometimes difficult to gain in depth knowledge from a survey and there is no way you know if the person is honest.

Front 8

Survey When to use

Back 8

Survey of first time pregnant women on their beliefs about their experience on being a mother.

Front 9

Experiment Definition

Back 9

A study in which the investigator manipulates (at least) one variable while measuring (at least) on other variable. (Only research method that can prove cause and effect.)

Front 10

Experiment Pros

Back 10

Can potentially lead to answering cause effect questions.

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Experiment Cons

Back 11

Experimenter bias, subject bias.

Front 12

Experiment When to use

Back 12

Examining the reliability of eyewitness testimony in young children.

Front 13

Correlational Research Definition

Back 13

Measures the relation between two variables. (Cannot prove cause and effect.)

Front 14

Correlational Research Pros

Back 14

That as the value of one variable goes up, the value of the other variable goes up or vice versa.

Front 15

Correlational Research Cons

Back 15

The value of one variable goes up and other goes down.

Front 16

Correlational Research When to use

Back 16

There exists a positive correlation between intelligence and GPA. smarter the person is higher the GPA.

Front 17

Case Study Definition

Back 17

Obtaining detailed information about an individual to develop general principles about behavior.

Front 18

Case Study Pros

Back 18

Helpful to study a case about one person(or small group) to get as much info about them as possible.

Front 19

Case Study Cons

Back 19

Case studies require a lot of time, effort, and attention to detail.

Front 20

Case Study When to use

Back 20

Following one child from conception to adulthood to examine this specific life span development.

Front 21

Contruct

Back 21

It can be assumed that it is present, but it cannot be seen or measured directly therefore, research questions are best directed toward behavior.

Front 22

Hypothesis

Back 22

Is an educated guess

Front 23

Replicated

Back 23

For study findings being confirmed, study must be replicated study must be repeated and have same results as before

Front 24

Survey

Back 24

In a survey people are asked to respond to a series of questions about a particular subject

Front 25

Target Population

Back 25

Whole group you want to study or describe.

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Sample

Back 26

Only part of target population

Front 27

Random sample

Back 27

Individuals are selected by chance from the target population.

Front 28

Stratified sample

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Subgroups in the population are represented proportionally in the sample.

Front 29

Bias

Back 29

Predisposition to a certain point of view

Front 30

Volunteer bias

Back 30

the people have a different point of view who don't volunteer in the survey.

Front 31

Case study

Back 31

Is an in depth investigation of an individual of a small group.

Front 32

Longitudinal method

Back 32

Researchers select a group of participants and observe those participants in a period of time.

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Cross sectional method

Back 33

Researchers select a sample that includes people of different ages.

Front 34

Naturalistic observation

Back 34

Observe animals or people without people disturbing them.

Front 35

Laboratory observation

Back 35

A laboratory is any place that provides the opportunity for observation or experimentation.

Front 36

Correlation

Back 36

Measure of how closely one thing is related to another

Front 37

Postitive correlation

Back 37

People who feel like they need greater need to achieve earn more money.

Front 38

Negative correlation

Back 38

Stress and health as one goes up the other goes down.

Front 39

Experiment

Back 39

Participants receive a treatment, such as change in room temperature or drug. Then they see if it effects their behavior.

Front 40

Variables

Back 40

Which factors can vary or change.

Front 41

Independent Variable

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Is factor that researchers manipulate to see the effect.

Front 42

Dependent variable

Back 42

Depends on something the independent variable.

Front 43

Experiment group

Back 43

Receive the treatment.

Front 44

Control group

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Doesn't receive the treatment.

Front 45

Controlled experiment

Back 45

When experiment uses control groups as well as experimental groups.

Front 46

Placebo

Back 46

Fake treatment

Front 47

Single blind study

Back 47

Participants do not know whether they are in the experiment or control group.

Front 48

Double blind study

Back 48

Study in which both participants and experimenters are unaware or who receives the treatment.

Front 49

Standard deviation

Back 49

The average of the averages

Front 50

Ethics

Back 50

Is the behavior and proper way to think or act.

Front 51

Informed consent

Back 51

means that people agree after been given overview of the research and after being given choice to participate.

Front 52

N/A

Back 52

N/A