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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Semantic Memories |
Declarative memories that include facts about the world. |
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Procedural Memories |
Patterns of muscle movements (motor memory) |
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Long-term Potentiation (LTP) |
Demonstrated that there is an enduring increase in connectivity and transmission of neural signals between nerve cells that fire together |
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Consolidation |
The process of converting short-term memories into long-term memories in the brain |
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Cellular Consolidation |
When neurons fire together a number of times, they will adapt and make the changes permanent. |
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Amnesia |
Profound loss of one form of memory. |
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Anterograde Amnesia |
The inability to form new memories for events occuring after a brain injury. |
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Retrograde Amnesia |
Condition in which memory for the events preceding trauma or injury is lost. |
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Storage |
Refers to the time and manner in which information is retained between encoding and retrieval |
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Maintenance Rehearsal |
Prolonging exposure to information by repeating it. |
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Elaborative Rehearsal |
prolonging exposure to information by thinking about its meaning |
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Shallow Processing |
Involves more superficial properties of a stimulus, such as the sound or spelling of a word |
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Deep Processing |
Related to an items meaning or its function |
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Self-reference Effect |
Occurs when you think of information in terms of how it relates to you or how it is useful to you. Leads to remembering information better than you would have. |
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Survival Processing |
When items are processed as they relate to survival, they are more likely to be recalled. |
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Recall |
Involves retrieving information when asked, but without that information being present during the retrieval process |
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Retrieval Cues |
-Prompt our memory -More detailed, easier to produce memory |
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Encoding Specificity Principle |
Retrieval is most effective when it occurs in the same context as encoding |
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Flashbulb Memory |
Extremely vivid and detailed memory about an event and the conditions surrounding how one learned about the event |
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Mnemonic |
A technique intended to improve memory for specific information |
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Method of Loci |
Mnemonic that connects words to be remembered to locations along a familiar path |
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Acronyms |
Pronounceable words whose letters represent the initials of an important phrase or set of items |
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First-letter Technique |
Uses the first letters of a set of items to spell out words that form a sentence |
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Dual Coding |
Occurs when information is stored in more than one form. |
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Testing Effect |
The finding that taking practice tests can improve exam performance, even without additional studying. |
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Schema |
An organized cluster of memories that constitutes one's knowledge about events, objects and ideas. |
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Constructive Memory |
Process by which we first recall a generalized schema and then add in specific details |
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False Memory |
Remembering events that did not occur, or incorrectly recalling details of an event |
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Misinformation Effect |
When information occurring after an event becomes part of the memory for that event |
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Imagination Inflation |
The increased confidence in a false memory of an event following repeated imagination of the event |
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DRM Procedure |
Participants study a list of highly related words called semantic associates (meaning they are associated by meaning) |
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Recovered Memory |
A memory of a traumatic event that is suddenly recovered after blocking the memory of that event for a long period of time. |
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Recovered Memory Controversy |
A heated debate among psychologists about the validity of recovered memories |
