Psychology

Front 1

Stream of Consciousness?

Back 1

The mind as a continuous flow of changing sensations, images, thought, and feelings.

Front 2

Consciousness?

Back 2

an individual's awareness of external events and internal sensations under a condition of arousal, including awareness of the self and thoughts about one's experiences.

Front 3

Awareness

Back 3

includes the awareness of the self and one's thoughts about one's experience.

Front 4

Metacognition?

Back 4

Refers to thinking about thinking.

Front 5

Arousal

Back 5

the physiological state of being engaged with the environment.

Front 6

Higher-level consciousness

Back 6

involves controlled processing, in which individuals actively focus their efforts on attaining a goal; the most alert state.

Front 7

Higher-level consciousness

Back 7

Doing math or science problem; preparing for a debate; taking an at-bat in a baseball game.

Front 8

Lower-level Consciousness

Back 8

Includes automatic processing that requires little attention, as well as daydreaming.

Front 9

Lower-lever Consciousness

Back 9

Punching in a number on a cell phone; typing on a keyboard when one is an expert; gazing at a sunset

Front 10

Altered States of consiousness

Back 10

Can be produced by drugs, trauma, fatigue, possibly hypnosis, and sensory deprivation.

Front 11

Altered States of consiousness

Back 11

Feeling the effects of having taken alcohol or psychedelic drugs; undergoing hypnosis to quit smoking or lose weight.

Front 12

Subconscious Awareness

Back 12

Can occur when people are awake, as well as when they are sleeping and dreaming

Front 13

Subconscious Awareness

Back 13

Sleeping and dreaming

Front 14

No awareness

Back 14

Freud's belief that some unconscious thoughts are too laden with anxiety and other negative emotions for consciousness to admit them

Front 15

No awareness

Back 15

Having unconscious thoughts; being knocked out by a blow or anesthetized.

Front 16

Controlled Processes

Back 16

The most alert states of human consciousness; individuals actively focus their efforts toward a goal.

Front 17

Automatic Processes

Back 17

States of consciousness that require little attention and do not interfere with on going activities. Automatic processes require less conscious effort than controlled processes.

Front 18

Daydreaming

Back 18

lies between active consciousness and dreaming while asleep.

Front 19

Altered states of consciousness

Back 19

Ranges from losing one's sense of self-consciousness to hallucinating.

Front 20

Four reasons for why we sleep?

Back 20

Restoration, adaption, growth and memory.

Front 21

Sleep Stage one

Back 21

characterized as drowsy sleep. Person may experience sudden muscle movements called myoclonic jerks.

If you wake up during this stage you may report not having been sleeping at all.

Front 22

Sleep Stage two

Back 22

muscle activity and decreases, and the person no longer consciously aware of the environment.

Sudden increase in wave frequency. light stage of sleep. If you wake up during this stage you may report not having been sleeping at all.

Front 23

Stage three and four of sleep

Back 23

are characterized by delta waves, the slowest and highest amplitude brain waves during sleep. These stages referred to delta sleep.

Front 24

Stage one of sleep.

Back 24

light sleep lasting up to 10 minutes; includes theta waves (low frequency, low amplitude).

Front 25

Stage two of sleep

Back 25

Deeper sleep characterized by occasional "sleep spindles" (brief high-frequency waves), lasting up to 20 minutes

Front 26

Stage three of sleep

Back 26

Progressively more muscle relaxation and emergence of delta waves (slower); lasts up to 40 minutes

Front 27

Stage four sleep

Back 27

Deep sleep when sleeper is difficult to rouse; delta waves--large, slow brain waves occurs.

Front 28

Stage five sleep

Back 28

Instead of reentering stage one sleep, the individual shows EEG patterns similar to those of relaxed wakefulness; most dreaming occurs in this stage;lasts for about 10 minutes in first sleep cycle of the night up to 1 hour in the last.

Front 29

REM sleep

Back 29

an active stage of sleep during which dreaming occurs.

Front 30

Sleep cycling through the night

Back 30

Individuals will spend 60% of sleep in light sleep (1&2) , 20% in delta or deep sleep, and 20% percent in REM sleep.

Front 31

The purpose of REM

Back 31

Just for memory

Front 32

Importance of NREM

Back 32

for restorative reasons and cellular growth

Front 33

Scientists refer to stages 1-4 as what?

Back 33

NREM sleep

Front 34

Insomnia

Back 34

the inability to sleep

Front 35

Sleepwalking (somnambulism) and sleep talking.

Back 35

occurs in the deepest stages of sleep

Front 36

Nightmares

Back 36

is a frightening dream that awakens a dreamer from REM Sleep.

Front 37

Night Terror

Back 37

features sudden arousal from sleep and intense fear.

Front 38

Narcolepsy

Back 38

involves the sudden, overpowering urge to sleep.

Front 39

Sleep Apnea

Back 39

Is a sleep disorder in which individuals stop breathing because the windpipe fails to open or because brain processes involved in respiration fail to work properly.

Front 40

Cognitive theory of dreaming

Back 40

theory proposing that we understand dreaming by applying the same cognitive concepts we use in studying the waking mind.

Front 41

Activation-synthesis theory

Back 41

Theory that dreaming occurs when the cerebral cortex synthesizes neural signals generated from activity in the lower brain and that dreams result from the brains attempts to find logic random brain activity that occurs during sleep.

Front 42

Psychoactive drugs

Back 42

drugs that act on the nervous system to alter consciousness, modify perceptions, and moods.

Front 43

Depressants

Back 43

Psychoactive drugs that slow down mental and physical activity.

Front 44

Alcohol

Back 44

is a depressant

Front 45

Barbiturates

Back 45

such as nembutal and seconal, are depressants drugs that decrease central nervous system activity

Front 46

Tranquilizers

Back 46

Such as valium and xanax, are depressant drugs and reduce anxiety and induce relaxation

Front 47

Opiates

Back 47

Opium and its derivatives; narcotic drugs that depress the central nervous systems activity and eliminate pain.

Front 48

Stimulants

Back 48

are psychoactive drugs that increase the central nervous systems activity

Front 49

Caffeine

Back 49

is a stimulant

Front 50

Nicotine

Back 50

is a stimulant

Front 51

Nicotine

Back 51

the main psychoactive ingredient in all forms of smoking and smokeless tobacco

Front 52

Amphetamines

Back 52

are stimulants

Front 53

Amphetamines (uppers)

Back 53

are stimulant drugs that people use to boost energy, stay awake, or lose weight.

Front 54

Cocaine

Back 54

is an illegal drug that comes from the coca plant.

Front 55

MDMA (ecstacy )

Back 55

is an illegal synthetic drug with both stimulants and hallucinogenic.

Front 56

Hallucinogens

Back 56

psychoactive drugs that modify a persons perceptual experiences and produce visual images that are not real

Front 57

Marijauna

Back 57

considered a mild hallucinogens

Front 58

LSD(lysergic acid diethlamide)

Back 58

is a hallucinogen

Front 59

Tolerance

Back 59

the need to take increasing amounts of drug to get the same effect.

Front 60

Physical dependence

Back 60

the physiological need for a drug that causes unpleasant withdrawal symptoms such as physical pain and the craving for the drug when it is discontinued.

Front 61

Psychological dependence

Back 61

the strong desire to repeat the use of a drug for emotional reasons, such as a feeling of wellbeing and reduction of stress.

Front 62

Addiction

Back 62

either a physical or psychological dependence, or both, on a drug.

Front 63

Hypnosis

Back 63

an altered state of consciousness or a psychological state of altered attention and expectation in which the individual is unusually receptive to suggestions.

Front 64

Mindful meditation

Back 64

a technique practiced by yoga enthusiasts and buddhist monks.

Front 65

Behavorism

Back 65

A theory of learning that focuses solely on observable behaviors , discounting the importance of such mental activity as thinking, wishing, and hoping.

Front 66

Learning

Back 66

a systematic, relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs through experience.

Front 67

Classical conditioning

Back 67

learning process in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus and acquires the capacity to elicit a similar response.

Front 68

Generalization (classical conditioning)

Back 68

the tendency of new stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus to elicit a response that is similar to the conditioned response.

Front 69

Discrimination (classical conditioning)

Back 69

The process of learning to respond to certain stimuli and not others.

Front 70

Extinction (classical conditioning)

Back 70

The weakening of the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is absent.

Front 71

Spontaneous recovery

Back 71

the process in classical conditioning by which a conditioned response can recur after a time delay, without further conditioning.

Front 72

Renewal

Back 72

the recovery of the conditioned response when the organism is placed in a novel context

Front 73

Operant conditioning

Back 73

organisms learn the association between