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166 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Evolution |
The gradual process of biological change that occurs in a species as it adapts to its environment |
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Natural selection |
The driving force behind evolution by which the environment selects the fittest organisms to adapt to their surroundings |
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Who is the founder of the evolution theory? |
Charles Darwin |
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What is a gene? |
The words that make up each organism's instruction manual. they encode Molecular info into traits and influence behavior |
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What is a genotype? |
The genetic pattern that makes you different than everyone else like a blueprint. |
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Phenotype |
The actual structure and organisms observable physical and behavioral characteristics always partners with environment. |
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Genome |
The complete set of genetic info contained with in a cell. humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes |
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DNA |
A long complex molecule that encodes genetic characteristics. |
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Chromosomes |
Paragraphs of words |
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PGD |
Pre-implantation genetics diagnosis made to prevent the passing of a genetic disease. Tested on babies in the whom. |
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The nervous system |
The fast acting extensive network of nerve cells carrying messages in pulses of electrical and chemical energy throughout the body. |
The first responder network |
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The nervous system |
The fast acting extensive network of nerve cells carrying messages in pulses of electrical and chemical energy throughout the body. |
The first responder network |
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Endocrine System |
Sends follow-up messages that support and sustain the response initiated by the nervous system. Using endocrine glands, pituitary, thyroid, adrenals, gonads to produce hormones. |
Slower-Acting system |
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The nervous system |
The fast acting extensive network of nerve cells carrying messages in pulses of electrical and chemical energy throughout the body. |
The first responder network |
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Endocrine System |
Sends follow-up messages that support and sustain the response initiated by the nervous system. Using endocrine glands, pituitary, thyroid, adrenals, gonads to produce hormones. |
Slower-Acting system |
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Hormone |
Chemical messenger, produced in the endocrine glands including pituitary thyroid adrenals and gonads. |
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Neuron |
A cell specialized to receive, process, and transmit info to another cell, the fundamental processing unit of the brain. |
Nerve cell |
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Three types of neurons |
Sensory, motor, interneurons. |
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Sensory neurons or afferent neurons |
Are like one way streets that carry traffic from sensory organs to the brain. |
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Sensory neurons or afferent neurons |
Are like one way streets that carry traffic from sensory organs to the brain. |
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Motor neurons or efferent neurons |
A nerve cell that carries messages away from the central nervous system towards the muscles. Actions. |
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Interneurons |
A nerve cell that relays messages between Nerve cells, especially in the spinal cord and brain. |
Make up the majority of our nerve cells. |
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Dendrites |
Branched fiber that extends outward from the cell body and caries into to the the neuron. |
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Soma |
Central part of the neuron. Or the cell body |
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Axon |
An extended fiber in the nerve cell that conducts info from the soma to the terminal buttons. Info traveled in the form of an electrical charge. Called the action potential. |
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The action potential |
When the arousal of the cell body reaches a certain degree, sending an eletrical charge down the axon to the terminal buttons and causing neurotransmitters to be released there. |
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Resting potential |
When the charged chemicals "ions" are in a negatively charged state. |
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All or none principle |
Either the axon fires or it doesn't.. |
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Synaptic Transmission |
The relaying of info across the synapse by means of chemical neurotransmitters |
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Synaptic Transmission |
The relaying of info across the synapse by means of chemical neurotransmitters |
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Synapse or synaptic cleft |
The microscopic gap that serves as a docking area for neurons to communicate or link. |
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Synaptic Transmission |
The relaying of info across the synapse by means of chemical neurotransmitters |
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Synapse or synaptic cleft |
The microscopic gap that serves as a docking area for neurons to communicate or link. |
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Terminal buttons |
Tiny bulb like structures ate he end of the axon, that contain neurotransmitters that carry that cells message. |
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Neurotransmitters |
Chemical messenger. They relays message across the synapse. |
Many are hormones |
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Reuptake |
The process by which unused neurotransmitters are drawn back into the back into the vesicles of their originating neuron. |
The clean up process |
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Plasticity |
The nervous systems ability to adapt it change as the result of experience. May also help the nervous system adapt to physical damage |
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Glial cells |
Cells that provide structural support to neurons as well as provide insulating covering (the myelin in sheath) of the axon for some neurons, which facilitate the electrical pulse. |
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Nervous system |
The entire network of neurons in the body including the central Nervous system the peripheral nervous system and their subdivisions. |
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The central nervous system |
Composed of the brain and spinal cord. "Command control" |
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The central nervous system |
Composed of the brain and spinal cord. "Command control" |
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Reflex |
Simple unlearned response triggered by stimuli, done through spinal cord. |
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Contralateral Pathways |
Sensory and motor pathways between the brain and the rest of the body cross over to the opposite side en route, so messages from the right side of the brain are processed by the left side of the brain and vice versa. |
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Somatic nervous system |
A division of the peripheral nervous system that carries sensory information to the central nervous system and also sends voluntary messages to the bodies skeletal muscles.
For example: Seeing pizza (Afferent) or sensory system, instructions to muscles to put slice in mouth, use efferent (motor) systems. |
External |
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Neural pathways |
Bundles of nerve cells that follo wgenerally the same route and employ the same neurotransmitters. Like a train track. |
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Why side effects? |
Because different pathways may employ the same neurotransmitter for widely different functions. |
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The peripheral nervous system |
All parts of the nervous system lying outside the central nervous system. the peripheral nervous system includes the autonomic and somatic system. |
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Parasympathetic division |
The part of the autonomic nervous system the monitors the routine operations of the internal organs and returns the body to calm down and function after arrousal by the sympathetic division |
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Autonomic nervous system sympathetic division |
The part of the autonomic nervous system that sends messages to internal organs and glands that help us respond to stressful and emergency situations. |
"Fight or flight" |
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Parasympathetic division |
The part of the autonomic nervous system the monitors the routine operations of the internal organs and returns the body to call him or functioning after arrousal by the sympathetic division |
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Endocrine system |
The hormone system the bodies chemical messenger system including the endocrine glands, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries and testes |
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Hormones |
Chemical messengers used by the endocrine system. Many hormones also serve as neurotransmitters in the nervous system. |
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Pituitary gland |
The master gland produces hormones influencing the secretions of all other endocrine glands as well as hormones that influence growth. The pituitary is attached to the brains hypothalamus from which it takes its orders |
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Neural pathways |
Bundles of nerve cells that follow generally the same route and employ the same neurotransmitters. Like a train track. |
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Antagonist |
Drugs or other chemicals that inhibit the effects of neurotransmitters |
A neg. take or tag. |
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EEG |
A device for recording brain waves typically electrodes placed on the scalp the record produced is known as an electrencephalogram. |
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EEG |
A device for recording brain waves typically electrodes placed on the scalp the record produced is known as an electrencephalogram. |
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CT scanning or Computurized Tomographing |
A computerized imaging technique that uses x-rays passing through the brain at various angles and then combined into an image. |
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EEG |
A device for recording brain waves typically electrodes placed on the scalp the record produced is known as an electrencephalogram. |
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CT scanning or Computurized Tomographing |
A computerized imaging technique that uses x-rays passing through the brain at various angles and then combined into an image. |
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Put scanning or positron emmision tomography |
An image technique that relies on the detection of radioactive sugar consumed by active brain cells |
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EEG |
A device for recording brain waves typically electrodes placed on the scalp the record produced is known as an electrencephalogram. |
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CT scanning or Computurized Tomographing |
A computerized imaging technique that uses x-rays passing through the brain at various angles and then combined into an image. |
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PT scanning or positron emmision tomography |
An image technique that relies on the detection of radioactive sugar consumed by active brain cells |
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Brainstem |
The most primitive of the brains three major layers. It includes the Medulla, Pons and the reticular formation. |
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Brainstem |
The most primitive of the brains three major layers. It includes the Medulla, Pons and the reticular formation. |
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Medulla |
A brain stem structure that controls breathing and heart rate. The sensory and motor pathways connecting the brain to the body cross in the medulla. |
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Brainstem |
The most primitive of the brains three major layers. It includes the Medulla, Pons and the reticular formation. |
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Medulla |
A brain stem structure that controls breathing and heart rate. The sensory and motor pathways connecting the brain to the body cross in the medulla. |
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Pons |
The brainstem structure the regulates brain activity during sleep and dreaming. |
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Brainstem |
The most primitive of the brains three major layers. It includes the Medulla, Pons and the reticular formation. |
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Medulla |
A brain stem structure that controls breathing and heart rate. The sensory and motor pathways connecting the brain to the body cross in the medulla. |
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Pons |
The brainstem structure the regulates brain activity during sleep and dreaming. |
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Reticular formation |
A pencil shaped structure forming the court of the brainstem. The reticular formation arouses the cortex to keep the brain alert and attentive to new stimulation |
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Thalamus |
The brain sensual relay station just atop thebrainstem. nearly all the messages going in or out of the brain pass through the thalamus |
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Thalamus |
The brain sensual relay station just atop thebrainstem. nearly all the messages going in or out of the brain pass through the thalamus |
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Cerebellum |
The little brain attached to the brainstem. The cerebellum is responsible for coordinated movements. |
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Thalamus |
The brain sensual relay station just atop thebrainstem. nearly all the messages going in or out of the brain pass through the thalamus |
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Cerebellum |
The little brain attached to the brainstem. The cerebellum is responsible for coordinated movements. |
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Limbic system |
The middle layer of the brain involved in emotion and memory. The limbic system includes the Hippocampus the hypothalamus and other structures. |
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Thalamus |
The brain sensual relay station just atop thebrainstem. nearly all the messages going in or out of the brain pass through the thalamus |
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Cerebellum |
The little brain attached to the brainstem. The cerebellum is responsible for coordinated movements. |
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Limbic system |
The middle layer of the brain involved in emotion and memory. The limbic system includes the Hippocampus the hypothalamus and other structures. |
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Hippocampus |
A component of the limbic system involved in establishing long-term memory. |
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Thalamus |
The brain sensual relay station just atop thebrainstem. nearly all the messages going in or out of the brain pass through the thalamus |
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Cerebellum |
The little brain attached to the brainstem. The cerebellum is responsible for coordinated movements. |
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Limbic system |
The middle layer of the brain involved in emotion and memory. The limbic system includes the Hippocampus the hypothalamus and other structures. |
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Hippocampus |
A component of the limbic system involved in establishing long-term memory. |
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Amygdala |
A limbic system structure involved in memory any motion particularly fear and aggression |
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Thalamus |
The brain sensual relay station just atop thebrainstem. nearly all the messages going in or out of the brain pass through the thalamus |
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Cerebellum |
The little brain attached to the brainstem. The cerebellum is responsible for coordinated movements. |
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Limbic system |
The middle layer of the brain involved in emotion and memory. The limbic system includes the Hippocampus the hypothalamus and other structures. |
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Hippocampus |
A component of the limbic system involved in establishing long-term memory. |
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Amygdala |
A limbic system structure involved in memory any motion particularly fear and aggression |
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Hypothalamus |
Olympic structure that serves as the brains blood testing laboratory constantly monitoring the blood to determine the condition of the body. |
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Thalamus |
The brain sensual relay station just atop thebrainstem. nearly all the messages going in or out of the brain pass through the thalamus |
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Cerebellum |
The little brain attached to the brainstem. The cerebellum is responsible for coordinated movements. |
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Limbic system |
The middle layer of the brain involved in emotion and memory. The limbic system includes the Hippocampus the hypothalamus and other structures. |
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Hippocampus |
A component of the limbic system involved in establishing long-term memory. |
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Amygdala |
A limbic system structure involved in memory any motion particularly fear and aggression |
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Hypothalamus |
Olympic structure that serves as the brains blood testing laboratory constantly monitoring the blood to determine the condition of the body. |
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Cerebral hemispheres |
The large symmetrical halves of the brain located the top of the brainstem |
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Thalamus |
The brain sensual relay station just atop thebrainstem. nearly all the messages going in or out of the brain pass through the thalamus |
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Cerebellum |
The little brain attached to the brainstem. The cerebellum is responsible for coordinated movements. |
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Limbic system |
The middle layer of the brain involved in emotion and memory. The limbic system includes the Hippocampus the hypothalamus and other structures. |
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Hippocampus |
A component of the limbic system involved in establishing long-term memory. |
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Amygdala |
A limbic system structure involved in memory, and emotion; particularly fear and aggression |
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Hypothalamus |
Olympic structure that serves as the brains blood testing laboratory constantly monitoring the blood to determine the condition of the body. |
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Cerebral hemispheres |
The large symmetrical halves of the brain located the top of the brainstem |
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Corpus Callosum |
The band of nerve cells connecting and Neural communication between the two cerebral hemispheres |
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Cerebral cortex |
The thin gray gray matter covering the cerebral hemispheres consisting of a 4th inch layer dense with cell bodies of neurons. the cerebral cortex carries on the major portion of our higher mental processes including thinking and perceiving. |
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Cerebral cortex |
The thin gray gray matter covering the cerebral hemispheres consisting of a 4th inch layer dense with cell bodies of neurons. the cerebral cortex carries on the major portion of our higher mental processes including thinking and perceiving. |
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Frontal lobes |
Cortical regions at the front of the brain that are specially involved in movement and in thinking. |
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Cerebral cortex |
The thin gray matter covering the cerebral hemispheres consisting of a 4th inch layer dense with cell bodies of neurons. the cerebral cortex carries on the major portion of our higher mental processes including thinking and perceiving. |
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Frontal lobes |
Cortical regions at the front of the brain that are specially involved in movement and in thinking. |
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Motor cortex |
A narrow vertical strip of cortex in the frontal lobe's lying just in front of the central fissure. Controls voluntary movement. |
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Mirror Neuron |
A recently discovered class of neuron that fire in response to observation of another person's actions are emotions. |
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Mirror Neuron |
A recently discovered class of neuron that fire in response to observation of another person's actions are emotions. |
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Parietal Lobes |
Cortical areas lying towards the back and top of the brain. Involved in touch sensation and perceiving spatial relationships. |
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Mirror Neuron |
A recently discovered class of neuron that fire in response to observation of another person's actions are emotions. |
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Parietal Lobes |
Cortical areas lying towards the back and top of the brain. Involved in touch sensation and perceiving spatial relationships. |
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Somatosensory |
A strip of the parietal lobe lying just behind the central Fissure. The somatosensory cortex is involved with sensations of touch. |
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Mirror Neuron |
A recently discovered class of neuron that fire in response to observation of another person's actions are emotions. |
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Parietal Lobes |
Cortical areas lying towards the back and top of the brain. Involved in touch sensation and perceiving spatial relationships. |
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Somatosensory |
A strip of the parietal lobe lying just behind the central Fissure. The somatosensory cortex is involved with sensations of touch. |
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Temporal lobe's |
Cortical lobes that process sound, including speech. The temporal lobe's are probably involved in storing long term memories. |
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Mirror Neuron |
A recently discovered class of neuron that fire in response to observation of another person's actions are emotions. |
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Parietal Lobes |
Cortical areas lying towards the back and top of the brain. Involved in touch sensation and perceiving spatial relationships. |
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Somatosensory |
A strip of the parietal lobe lying just behind the central Fissure. The somatosensory cortex is involved with sensations of touch. |
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Temporal lobe's |
Cortical lobes that process sound, including speech. The temporal lobe's are probably involved in storing long term memories. |
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Occipital lobes |
The cortical regions at the back of the brain the house the visual cortex. |
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Mirror Neuron |
A recently discovered class of neuron that fire in response to observation of another person's actions are emotions. |
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Parietal Lobes |
Cortical areas lying towards the back and top of the brain. Involved in touch sensation and perceiving spatial relationships. |
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Somatosensory |
A strip of the parietal lobe lying just behind the central Fissure. The somatosensory cortex is involved with sensations of touch. |
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Temporal lobe's |
Cortical lobes that process sound, including speech. The temporal lobe's are probably involved in storing long term memories. |
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Occipital lobes |
The cortical regions at the back of the brain the house the visual cortex. |
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Visual cortex |
The visual processing areas of cortex in the occipital and temporal lobes. |
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Mirror Neuron |
A recently discovered class of neuron that fire in response to observation of another person's actions are emotions. |
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Parietal Lobes |
Cortical areas lying towards the back and top of the brain. Involved in touch sensation and perceiving spatial relationships. |
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Somatosensory |
A strip of the parietal lobe lying just behind the central Fissure. The somatosensory cortex is involved with sensations of touch. |
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Temporal lobe's |
Cortical lobes that process sound, including speech. The temporal lobe's are probably involved in storing long term memories. |
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Occipital lobes |
The cortical regions at the back of the brain the house the visual cortex. |
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Visual cortex |
The visual processing areas of cortex in the occipital and temporal lobes. |
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Association cortex |
Cortical regions throughout the brain the combine information from various other parts of the brain. |
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Mirror Neuron |
A recently discovered class of neuron that fire in response to observation of another person's actions are emotions. |
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Parietal Lobes |
Cortical areas lying towards the back and top of the brain. Involved in touch sensation and perceiving spatial relationships. |
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Somatosensory |
A strip of the parietal lobe lying just behind the central Fissure. The somatosensory cortex is involved with sensations of touch. |
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Temporal lobe's |
Cortical lobes that process sound, including speech. The temporal lobe's are probably involved in storing long term memories. |
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Occipital lobes |
The cortical regions at the back of the brain the house the visual cortex. |
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Visual cortex |
The visual processing areas of cortex in the occipital and temporal lobes. |
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Association cortex |
Cortical regions throughout the brain the combine information from various other parts of the brain. |
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Cerebral dominance |
The tendency of each brain hemisphere to exert control over different functions. such as language or perception of spatial relationships. |
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Mirror Neuron |
A recently discovered class of neuron that fire in response to observation of another person's actions or emotions. |
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Parietal Lobes |
Cortical areas lying towards the back and top of the brain. Involved in touch sensation and perceiving spatial relationships. |
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Somatosensory |
A strip of the parietal lobe lying just behind the central Fissure. The somatosensory cortex is involved with sensations of touch. |
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Temporal lobe's |
Cortical lobes that process sound, including speech. The temporal lobe's are probably involved in storing long term memories. |
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Occipital lobes |
The cortical regions at the back of the brain that house the visual cortex. |
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Visual cortex |
The visual processing areas of cortex in the occipital and temporal lobes. |
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Association cortex |
Cortical regions throughout the brain the combine information from various other parts of the brain. |
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Cerebral dominance |
The tendency of each brain hemisphere to exert control over different functions. such as language or perception of spatial relationships. |
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Done |
Congrats |
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Phrenology |
The theory claimed by Joseph Gall that specific regions for brain control speech, listening, vision, etc. |
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Split brain reasoning |
Discovered by Rogers Sperry and his colleague Michael Gazzaniga in an attempt to cure epilepsy they split the brain in half and found interesting things. |
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Nucleotide |
Small particles that make up a gene. |
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Nucleotide |
Small particles that make up a gene. |
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The parasympathetic Nervous system |
is responsible for the contraction of the bladder. |
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