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113 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is psychology
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The scientific study of human behavior and processes.
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Psychologists
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MD who has a masters in psychology , but not all are trained in treatment of mental illness.
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Psychiatrists
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MD who study mental health and can prescribe psych medications.
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Nervous System is made up of.....
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Central Nervous system & Peripheral Nervous system.
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Central Nervous System
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Consists of the nerves in the spinal column and the brain.
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Peripheral Nervous system
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Nerves in the body except excluding the brain and spinal column.
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Neurons
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basic buliding blocks of the nervous system. 3 types of neurons
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3 types of neurons
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Sensory(afferent)-carry info from sense organs to brain
Interneurons-carry info from neuron to neuron Motor(efferent)-carry info from the brain to muscles. |
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Dendrite
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A network of filaments that carry info from other neurons to the cell body.
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Neurons consist of.....
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Denrites, cell body, axons, myelin
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Cell body
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contains the nucleaus of the neuron dendites cover the cell body
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Axon
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single fiber that conducts an action potential away from the cell body.
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Myelin
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fatty like material that covers the axon. Protective layer that speeds up conduction of action potentials.
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Synapse
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the gap between nerve cells
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neurotransmitters
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chemical released by the neurons to deliver info to other neurons.
Dopamine, norepinephrine, dopamine, adrenalin, endorphins. |
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Agonists
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drugs that produce same effect as neurotransmitters
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Antagonists
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drugs that inhibit the effects of a neurotransmitter
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Brain Stem
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lowest level of the CNS, contains the medulla and pons
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Medulla
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monitors reflex funcitons(respirations/heart rate)
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Pons
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relay station that sorts out and redirects cerve impulses flowing between brain and body impulses. Influences sleep/wake cycle.
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What is psychology
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The scientific study of human behavior and processes.
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Psychologists
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MD who has a masters in psychology , but not all are trained in treatment of mental illness.
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Psychiatrists
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MD who study mental health and can prescribe psych medications.
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Nervous System is made up of.....
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Central Nervous system & Peripheral Nervous system.
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Central Nervous System
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Consists of the nerves in the spinal column and the brain.
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Peripheral Nervous system
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Nerves in the body excluding the brain and spinal column.
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Neurons
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basic building blocks of the nervous system. 3 types of neurons
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3 types of neurons
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Sensory(afferent)-carry info from sense organs to brain
Interneurons-carry info from neuron to neuron Motor(efferent)-carry info from the brain to muscles. |
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Dendrite
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A network of filaments that carry info from other neurons to the cell body.
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Neurons consist of.....
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Denrites, cell body, axons, myelin
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Cerebral Cortex
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Center for higher brain functions.Language, perception, cognitive function. Most important structure in brain.
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Midbrain
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consists of the cerebellum and the limbic system.
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Cerbellum
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involved in coordination of movement of muscle development
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Limbic System includes...
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septum, amygalda and hippocampus. Handles much of emotional functioning of the brain.
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Hippocampus
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responsible for processing new info into long term memory.Processes new memories.
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Thalmus
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serves to integrate and organize nerve impulses passing between cerebral cortex. Deals with sensory experiences.
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Hypothalmus
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responsible for primary critical bodily functions, thirst, temp, hunger.
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Hemispheric specialization
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Concept that each hemisphere controld different functions of brain.
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Left hemisphere
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controls the right half of the body, responsible for cogniive functions language.
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Right hemisphere
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controls more creative functions. More involved in perception of emotions.
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Corpus collusm
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connects the 2 hemispheres, small bundle of nerves that transmits info between hemispheres
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Hemispheres are broken into..
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4 lobes = frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
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Corpus collusm
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connects the 2 hemispheres, small bundle of nerves that transmits info between hemispheres
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Hemispheres are broken into..
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4 lobes = frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
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Frontal lobe
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responsible for language, planning and motor functions
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Occipital lobe
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handles visual information
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parietal lobe
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primary area for sensation and touch
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temporal lobe
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specializes in auditory info processing
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Peripheral Nervous system is broken into...
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somatic nervous system & autonomic nervous system
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Somatic nervous system
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connects the central nervous system to the voluntary muscles
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Autonomic Nervous system
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connects the central nervous system to the parts of the body we do not have control over (heart/lungs)
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Autonomic Nervous system made of....
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Sympathetic nervous system & parasympathetic nervous system
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Sympathetic nervous system
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prepares the body for energy use
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Parasympathetic nervous system
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prepares the body for restoration of energy
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Endocrine System
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system of glands through out the body that control processes.Metabolism,emotions and sexual development
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Pituitary Gland
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controls other glands in the system through the release of hormones. Regulates activity of male/female reproductive organs.
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Thyroid gland
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controls metabolism rates
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Adrenal Glands
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release adrenaline,keeping body highly aroused
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Pancreas
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produces insulin to control the metabolism of sugar
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Testes & Ovaries
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control overall development sexual behavior,reproduction in males and females
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Equilibratory Sense
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responsible for sense of balance and direction of gravity
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Pheromones
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related to the production of sex hormones. odor of one organism that attracts another.
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Gustatory system
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facilitates the sense of taste.contains taste buds on tounge, larynx,pharynx
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sensory interaction
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means by which one sense influences another sense
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Retina
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after image is focused it shines on retina. Photoreceptors of the eye.
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Kinesthesia
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the sense of position & movement of body parts in relation to each other.
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4 distinct skin senses that comprise touch...
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pressure,warmth,cold,pain
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Gate control theory
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proposes the spinal cord contains a neurological gate that can block or allow pain signals to pass into brain.
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Perception
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processing sensation so they can be understood cognitively.
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Attention
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the selectivity we use to process sensations
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selective attention
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prioritizing some stimuli over others and ignoring low priority stimuli
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depth perception
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ability to see objects in 3D. Can estimate their distance from yourself
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Perceptual constancy
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ability to see objects as unchanging
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Color constancy
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refers to the notion that if we are aware of an object's color then we perceive the object as that color
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Illusions
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when perception of a stimuli differs significantly from what is actually is
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Conciousness
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awarness of external environment and thoughts and feelings
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Unconscious
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automatic processing without awarness
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EEG
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electroencephalogram- recording device that measures electrical activity in the brain
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Alpha wave
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begin during the wake but drowsy state
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delta waves
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occur during sleep stages 3 and 4
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Stage 1 sleep
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lasts approx 2 minutes, sensation of falling
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Stage 2 sleep
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lasts 20 minutes,relax more deeply. Can be awakened easily
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Stage 3 sleep
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transitional sleep lasting a few minutes, delta waves begin
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Stage 4 sleep
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lasts 30 minutes, resistant to waking , may talk or walk in sleep. large slow delta waves
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REM sleep
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rapid eye movement, lasts 10 minutes, breathing more rapid, eyes twitch, difficult to arouse
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Sleep Cycle repeats itself every ___ minutes
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90 minutes
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Insomnia
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inability to fall asleep or maintain sleep
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Parasomnias
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abnormal events that occur during sleep
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Narcolepsy
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periodic overwhemling sleepiness, enters REM during waking hours
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Sleep apnea
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intemitten periods of arrested breathing during sleep. Low 02 levels cause person to gasp/choke.Can cause brain damage
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Dream anxiety disorder
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frequent disruptive nightmares
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Night terrors
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episodes of screaming or talking incoherently that occur during 1st hours of sleep.Rememners nothing of the event.Get OOB/walking
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Delerium
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impaired thinking whose source is biological, profound difficulty paying attention
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Dementia
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cognitive impairment,caused by compromised nervous systemt,troubles with memory
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Amnestic syndrome
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impairment of memory caused by neurological trauma, interfers with self identity.
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hypnosis
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state in which attention is relaxed or lessened, anxiety reduced, pain lowered.
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dissociation
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2 parts of the brain are functioning concurrently but seperately
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Meditation
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use of mental exercise to control one's conciousness by focusing on sounds/images to relax
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CNA depressants
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alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines
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Stimulants
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amphetamines, cocaine, nicotine, caffeine
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Opiates
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heroin,opium,morphine, methadone,codeine,demerol, Darvon,percodan
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Hallucinogens
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mushrooms, LSD
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Cannabinoids
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marijuana, hashish
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Solvents
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glue and gasoline
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Stimulants..
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provide energy, moood elevation, reduce appetite. Increase activity levels.
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CNS depressants...
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slows heart rate,relaxes muscles,promotes sleep.Depresses the CNS
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Korsokoff's syndrome
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similar to alzheimers disease related to heaving drinking long term
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Opiates....
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reduce pain and sense of urgency, produce analgesic effect, pain relief and natural high.
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Hallucinogens...
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sensory illusions occur , senses overlap
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Cannabinoids
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produce mild euphoria, heightend sense of humor, enhance visual and auditory perception.Paranoia sets in
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half life
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how long it takes for the drug to breakdown in the body
shorter the halflife more addcitive |
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tolerance
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takes more of the substance to get the intoxicated effect
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withdrawl
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when the substance is taken away abruptly body rebounds the opposite effect of the substance
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