Psychology

Front 1

1. Describethe preconscious, unconscious and the conscious, according to Freud’s theory ofpersonality. What are the differences?

Back 1

Preconscious is memories we are not aware of but can easily bring to mind.
Concious is what we are aware of at any given moment
Unconscious represents the collective memories, instincts, wishes and desires we have

Front 2

Describe the id, ego and superego. What are their functions?

Back 2

Id contains life and death instincts. Operates pleasure. The "I want it now"
Ego is the logical, rational part of personality. Operates to the reality principle. the "I should follow customs and ask first"
SuperEgo is our moral system of the personality. Consists under the conscience principle. the "I can't steal it. that's wrong"

Front 3

1. Knowand provide examples of defensemechanisms. Why are they used?

Back 3

Denial -denying anything even wrong.

Displacement - expressing your emotions on things or people that aren't the root cause.
Sublimination - transforming one bad energy into something more positive. pent up sex--->exercise energy.

Front 4

1. Whatdoes it mean to be anal-expulsive using Freud’s PsychosexualStage theory?

Back 4

Anal expulsiveness is the state of a person who exhibits cruelty, emotional outbursts, disorganization, self-confidence, (sometimes) artistic ability, generosity, rebelliousness and general carelessness.(can't control their outbursts)

Front 5

What does it mean to be anal-retentive, using Freud’s Psychosexual Stage theory?

Back 5

used to describe a person who pays such attention to detail that the obsession becomes an annoyance to others

Front 6

1. Onwhat points did Carl Jung disagree with his mentor, Sigmund Freud?LUO

Back 6

that not everything was about sex, and the ID does not take up such a large amount of our consciousness.

Front 7

1. DescribeCarl Jung’s theory of the collectiveunconscious. How is it different from the personal unconscious?

Back 7

structures of the unconscious mind that everyone shares. consists of archetypes and instincts, and intuitive symbol association.

Front 8

1. Definearchetypes. MVO

Back 8

Common types of characters throughout myths and lore throughout history and the globe

Front 9

1. Whatdrives most human behavior, according to Alfred Adler?MVO

Back 9

He thought the drive to overcome feelings of inferiority was the main drive. Since birth, we were small, and always inferior.

Front 10

1. DescribeMaslow’s theory of self-actualizationand peak experiences.e

Back 10

"the tendency to actualize, as much as possible, [the organism's] individual capacities" in the world.

Front 11

1. Whatare conditions of worth? Who proposedthis theory?p>

Back 11

-Conditions on which positive regard depends

-Conditions of worth force us to live according to someone else's values
Carl Rogers-"in efforts to gain positive regard, we deny the true self"

Front 12

1. Whatis the Five-Factor Model of Personality (OCEAN).Know what each factor means indetail.tIZO

Back 12

Openess, Conscientousness, Agreeableness, Neuroticism

Front 13

1. Describewhat it means to have an internal or an external locus of control. ndFraE^O

Back 13

refers to the extent to which individuals believe they can control events affecting them. Believing it's your life, or that the enviornment or fate controls your life.

Front 14

Attributions – Why do we make them and what are they?

Back 14

Assignment of a cause to explain behavior, wether external or internal. (Situatioal, or Dispositional) We make them as a sort of defense mechanism to sort things out extremely fast, and to see ourselves through the rose-colored glasses.

Front 15

1. ImpressionFormation/Impression management'

Back 15

Formation - the mental process we go through when first judging somebody. (Attributes first noticed)
Management - intentional steps, or things you do to try and create a positive formation. Striving to reach agreement between other's opinions of us and our own self-concept.

Front 16

Self-serving bias – know the difference between situational anddispositional attributions.

Back 16

Self-serving bias is our tendency to attribute our success to internal causes, and failures to external. Situational is external attribution. Dispositional is an internal reason why.

Front 17

1. Factorsthat influence attraction, including reciprocity and the matching hypothesis.ѨU

Back 17

Physical attraction, symmetry, golden ratio.matching age, gender, race eetc.

Front 18

1. Haloeffect (describe).>

Back 18

We immediately associate good looking people to posess good qualities, regardless if it may be true or not.

Front 19

1. RobertSternberg’s concept of the Triangular Theory of Love. Know all three componentsand what they mean.ҨU

Back 19

Intimacy. Passion, Commitment.
Intimacy - what actually is. How close you are.
Passion - how you feel. the butterflies.
Commitment - the thought. the decision.

Front 20

1. Whatfactors influence us in choosing a mate?ʨU

Back 20

Top 4 qualities.
Mutual Attraction - Dependable Character - Emotional Stability - Pleasing Disposition

Front 21

1. Conformity– What is it and what leads us to conform?ԨU

Back 21

changing behaviors to meet the social needs of others.
We all want to strive to fit in and not stand out.

Front 22

1. Knowthe study of Solomon Asch on conformity.ʨU

Back 22

Person tested, with 6 other people. 6 others are actors, they all say the wrong answers continously. Eventually the subject, subjects to conformity and answers wrong as well.

Front 23

1. Describeclassic research on obedience that was done by Stanley Milgram.Z֨U

Back 23

They had a man ask questions to a 'learner' in a box, if the learner answered wrong. the man was administered to shock the individual. With repeated failures higher voltage was commanded by the executioner(ordinary man in a lab coat). 75% of individuals complied to hurt somebody, even if they felt it morally wrong. They submitted to obediance and authority.

Front 24

1. Describethe concept of social facilitation.\0ШU

Back 24

the tendency to do better on tasks, when in the presence of other people.

Front 25

1. Whydo people lose their sense of personal identity sometimes when they identifywith a group and what is this called?`ܨU

Back 25

Deindividualism In a group context, when your attentin is focused outward, you lose a sense of rationality and self-regulation. Instead you have a heightened sense to outward environmental cues.

Front 26

Cognitive dissonance – What is it and what leads to the feeling ofcognitive dissonance?f

Back 26

It's a mental stress of believing, or hearing information that conflicts with previous thoughts/beliefs. It is mentally uncomfortable and we become motivated to create consistency instead of dissonance.

Front 27

A man is speeding on the highway. You think he is a jackass. What atrribution type is this?

Back 27

Dispositional Attribuation - internal character.
A Situational Attribution would be "maybe he's speeding to the hospital"