Psychology 5: Types Of Memory

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256

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How many types of memories are there?

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Explicit Memory

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Memory of which you are consciously aware.

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Declarative memory

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Explicit memory is also known as

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Explicit Memory

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Memory you know you know

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Explicit Memory

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Consists of all the factual knowledge you have accumulated as well as personal experiences you have tucked away.

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Semantic and Episodic

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The two types of explicit memory

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Semantic Memory

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A type of explicit memory consisting of facts, figures, word meanings, and other general information.

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Semantic Memory

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A depository of available information that you have in mental storage

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Episodic Memory

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A type of explicit memory consisting of personal firsthand experience.

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Episodic Memory

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Your internal autobiography, a record of episodes of your life

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Episodic Memory

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Contains a replay of minor events and major events in your life

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Implicit Memory

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Memory of which you are not consciously aware.

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Nondeclarative Memory

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Implicit memory is also known as

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Implicit Memory

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Memory you don't know you know

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Procedural Memory

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A type of implicit memory consisting of how to preform tasks that you do automatically.

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Procedural Memory

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A recollection of how to do things.

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Procedural Memory

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Remembering an action rather than a thing or remembering a verb rather than a noun.

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Explicit Memory

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Relies on the frontal lobe and hippocampus

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Verbal information

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The left side of the frontal lobe and hippocampus stores

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Visual Information

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The right side of the frontal lobe and hippocampus stores

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Implicit Memory

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Relies primarily on the cerebellum and basal ganglia

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Memory

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Time is generally the enemy of

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Decay

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The process by which time erodes memory

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Decay

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The dwindling or loss of information from memory due to the passing of time.

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Information is not used

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Decay happens most often when

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Decay before getting to short term memory

Decay before getting to long term memory

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If information that enters the sensory memory is not used, it will __________

If information that enters short term memory is not used, it will

___________

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Context

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Your ability to remember a particular piece of information depends on its

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Retroactive Interference

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Problems remembering older information caused by newer information.

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Proactive Interference

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Problems remembering newer information caused by of older information.

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Serial Position Effect

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The tendency to remember the first and last items in a series better than the items in the middle.

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Primary Effect

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The tendency to remember the first items in a series particularly well.

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Recency Effect

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The tendency to remember the last items in a series particularly well.

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Nothing came before it.

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For the first items on a list, there's no chance of proactive interference because

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Nothing came after it (unless there's a delay)

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The the last items in a list, there's no chance for retroactive interference because

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Both

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Items in the middle are susceptible to what type of interference?

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Hermann Ebbinghaus

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Who first described serial, primary, and recency effect?

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Relearning

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The process of committing information to memory for a second time after it has been forgotten.

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Flashbulb Memory

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A distinctively clear and vivid memory of an emotionally charged novel event.

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Flashbulb Memory

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Often shared by those who witnessed or experienced them

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Flashbulb Memory

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Memories that are more vivid, but aren't any more accurate than regular memories.

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Experience it firsthand

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You're most likely to remember a flashbulb memory when you

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Mnemonic

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A specific technique or strategy deliberately used to enhance memory. Mental devices or tricks.

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Acronym's, rhythm and rhymes, or visual imagery.

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Mnemonic devices can be

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Method of Loci

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Mnemonic device based on visualization. Picture items in a specific location.

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Peg Word Method

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You pair images of the item you need to remember with a series you already have committed to memory.

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Spacing effect

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The tendency to have better long-term memory for information when your attempts to study it are spaced apart rather than crammed together.

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Spacing Effect

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The advantage of distributed practice over massed practice.

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Massed Practice

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Many repetitions at once, similar to cramming.

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Distributed Practice

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Repetitions spread out over time

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Improving your memory

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Make it meaningful

Use Mnemonics

Organize Ideas

Visualize Information

Use Context Cues

Imagine Teaching the Information

Don't Multitask

Keep your Mind Healthy

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Self-focused

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Those with individualist culture are more likely to remember events that are

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Social interaction

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Those with collectivist culture tend to remember events that mention

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How you recall events and what you remember

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Culture can affect

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Sleep

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Memories are typically stronger if the time interval between encoding and retrieval includes

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Allows for consolidation of memory (strengthening memory), and prevents any interference from taking place.

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The two functions sleep serves

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Hurts memory

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Lack of sleep