Psychology 4.4 Psychoactive Drugs And Consciousness

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Psychoactive drugs

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Substances that alter mental functioning. Not only alters consciousness but other brain activities like thinking, mood, memory and perception.

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Neurotransmitters

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Psychoactive drugs do their work on...

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4 Ways Psychoactive Affect Neurotransmitters

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Increase release of neurotransmitters, block or activate receptors of neurotransmitters, inhibit the reuptake of neurotransmitters, inhibit enzymes in or near neurons breaking down neurotransmitters.

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Tolerance

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Decrease effectiveness of a particular amount of drug. Requires the user to seek out more and more of the drug to match the original effect.

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Withdrawal

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Stressful and uncomfortable symptoms caused by discontinuing a drug that had become habitual.

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Jumpiness, trembling, headaches, nausea, insomnia, anxiety, irritability, and fatigue.

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Symptoms of withdrawal include...

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Dependence

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Withdrawal is often a by-product of

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Physical Dependence

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A bodily need for a particular drug in order to function normally.

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Psychological Dependence

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A mental need for a particular drug in order to function properly.

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Note

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The drugs become a need and the people using them establish a new, chemically enhanced normal for their brains and bodies.

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Addiction

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Problematic drug use that persists in spite of serious negative consequences.

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They prioritize the continued use of psychoactive drugs above everything else.

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A person becomes an addict when

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To the next hit, high, or buzz.

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Addiction gives people tunnel vision that limits their focus

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Depressants, Stimulants, Opiates, and Hallucinogens

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The four types of Psychoactive Drugs.

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Depressants

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Drugs that slow bodily functions

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Alcohol

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Most commonly used depressant in the U.S.

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The liver, pancreas, heart, stomach, and brain.

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Continued use of alcohol is toxic to body parts including

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Alcohol Poisoning

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What is an overdoes of alcohol called

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Aggressive behavior and sexual acts

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Consequences of drinking too much alcohol

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Peak level of blood alcohol concentration (BAC)

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The faster the alcohol gets into the body, the higher the

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Size of the person.

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BAC depends on the

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A stimulant.

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Caffeine is what kind of drug

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Stimulants

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Drugs that speed up bodily functions.

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Cocaine

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Most addictive stimulant

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Caffeine

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Low grade stimulant

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Be alert when it comes to academic performance.

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College students are likely to abuse stimulant drugs to

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Irregular heartbeats, muscle tremors and twitching, paranoia, hallucinations, excessive sweating, hypertension, and insomnia.

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Misuse of stimulants include the following health problems

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Headaches, fatigue, depression, pain and vomiting.

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Withdrawal symptoms from stimulants include

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400 mg

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The recommended caffeine intake per day is below

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How much caffeine is in your drinks.

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If you're trying to convert 400 mg into a particular number of caffinated drinks, you need to know

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23-47

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How much caffeine is in a 12 ounce serving size of Coke, Pepsi, Diet Coke and Diet Pepsi

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42-55

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Amount of caffeine in 12 ounce of Mountain Dew and Diet Mountain Dew

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70-80

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Amount of caffeine in 8 ounce Red Bull, Rockstar, Amp

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14-70

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Amount of caffeine in 8 ounce black tea

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100-200

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Amount of caffeine in 8 ounce Coffee

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50-75

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Amount of caffeine in 1 ounce espresso

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200

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Amount of caffeine in 2 ounce 5 hour energy shot

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Stimulant

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What kind of drug is nicotine

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Smoking

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Leading preventable cause of death in the U.S.

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Opiates

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Pain-relieving drugs made from the poppy plant. Also known as narcotics. Activates the same receptors in our brain as endophins

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Pleasure

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A shot of opiate is like getting a straight shot of

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Hallucinogens

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Drugs that produce unrealistic sensations such as hallucinations. Known as psychedelic drugs.

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LSD

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Lysergic Acid Diethylamide

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Depressants

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Examples: Alcohol, benzodiazepines, barbiturates

Common Effects: Slow bodily functions; enhance relaxation

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Stimulants

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Examples: Cocaine, amphetamines, (including many ADHD medications), methamphetamine, caffeine, nicotine.

Common Effects: Speed up bodily functions; enhance energy and overcome fatigue

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Opiates

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Examples: Heroin, Opium, Morphine, Codeine, Hydrocodone, Oxycodone

Common Effects: Relieve pain, enhance pleasure.

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Hallucinogens

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Examples: LSD ("acid"), PCP, selected mushrooms, MDNA (ecstasy), bath salts, cannabis, synthetic cannabis.

Common Effects: Produce hallucinations or dreamlike "trips"

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Antidepressants

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Psychoactive drugs that are used to treat psychological disorders.

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Neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine

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Antidepressants boosts a person's mood by increasing

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Antipsychotic Drugs

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Drugs that suppress bizzare behaviors of schizophrenia. Work by blocking dopamine.