Psychology 431 Chapter Two Flashcards

Front 1

Evaluation of a good Theory

Back 1

Good theories must:
1)Accuratley reflect current facts.
2)Be clear and understandable
3)Predict future events
4)Be applicable
5)Be consistant
6)Be based on few unproveable assumptions.

Front 2

Personality

Back 2

An individual's unique constellation of consistant behavioral traits.
-Does not include temporary states, these are emotions

Front 3

Five Big Personality Trait Clusters

Back 3

1)Extraversion-sociability
2)Neuroticism- high anxiety, negative emotionality
3)Openness to experience-Flexibility, sensitivity, creativity.
4)Agreeableness- Sympathetic, trusting, helpfulness.
5)Conscientiousness- Self-disciplined behavior.

Front 4

Six Main Theoretical Orientations for Personality

Back 4

1)Psychoanalytic (Freud)
2)Cognitive (Piaget)
3)Behavioristic (Skinner)
4)Biological (Wilson)
5)Humanistic (Maslow)
6)Interactionist/Ecological (Bronfenbrenner)

Front 5

Psychodynamic Theories

Back 5

Refers to any theories that share off of Freud.
1)Psychoanalytic Theory (Freud)
2)Analytical Psychology (Jung)
3)Individual Psychology (Adler)
4)Psychosocial Theory (Erikson)
5)Gynocentric Psychoanalytic Theory (Horney)

Front 6

Psychoanalytic Theory

Back 6

Sigmund Freud developed in late 1800's. Conceptualized personality structures of the id, ego, superego.
--Stresses the subconcious
--Our attempts to resolve seres after series of conflicts drives us, motivates our choices of behavior with the objective to restore balance within our psyche.

Front 7

Psychodynamic Principles

Back 7

From Freud's original theory:
Personality is a predictable structure involving unconscious processes.
-Developmental value of childhood in determining how we behave as adults.
-Personality is shaped how we each deal with sexual urges.

Front 8

Structures of Psychoanalytic Theory

Back 8

1)Id- invoves pleasure principle, controls primary process thinking.
2)Ego- Reality principle operates the decision-making portion of the personality.
****Mediates between the Id and Superego.****
3)Superego- The moral compas, conscience- incorporates moral standards for what is right and wrong.

Front 9

Stages of Psychoanalytic

Back 9

1)Oral
2)Anal
3)Phallic--Oedipal &/or Elektra complexes with wanting to kill parent of same sex and sex up the parent of the opposite sex.
4)Latency-
5)Genital-
***Cannot successfully move on and cope with the next stage until you have fully resolved the stages that come before it.

Front 10

Defense Mechanisms

Back 10

1)Disadvantages--Self Deception
-Not as likely to reduce source of true anxiety
-Delays or diverts energy
-Distorts reality
2)Advantages-We save face, if only with ourselves
--Optimal margin of illusion--seems like it is refering to a balance between it confronting the potential problem, but in a manner that doesnt distort ones view on reality.

Front 11

Psychoanalytic Theory
(Horney)

Back 11

-Horney countered rejection of the female role and the Phallocentric(penis envy/rejection by males due to initial identification) bias of Freud's theory.

Front 12

Gynocentric Theory

Back 12

1)Fear of penetration-guilt that results
2)Societal dangers- devaluation of females, sexualization of females.
3)Maternal feminisms

Front 13

Examples of Defense Mechanisms

Back 13

1)Rationalization-Creating excuses for our behavior
2)Repression-Burial below the level of conscious thought.
3)Projection-What you feel unconsciously, you attribute to someone else as feeling.
4)Displacement-When unable to act on certain feelings towards one, we act them out onto another (pissed at boss, beat wife)
5)Reaction Formation- Behaving exactly the opposite of one's unconscious feelings
6)Regression-A return to earlier "Safer" times and the less mature behavior of that time.
7)Identification-Attempt to increase one's self-esteem by affiliation with an admired person or group.

Front 14

Analytical Psychology (Jung)

Back 14

1)Personal unconscious- same as Freud's unconscious
2)Collective Unconscious- Deeper subconscious that is a storehouse of latent memory traces inherited from people's ancestral past that is shared with the entire human race.
3)Archetypes-Emotionally charged images and thought forms that have universal meanings show this collective unconscious.

Front 15

Individual Psychology (Adler)

Back 15

1)Social striving--striving for superiority, in failure, we compensate for it, which are normal attempts to overcome weakness.
2)Overcompensation-Superficial attempts to conceal, not master weakness.
3)Inferiority feelings- Inadequacies excessively perceived.--integrated and intensely held feelings, person feels like they should be hidden, not needed to overcome.