Psychology 420

Front 1

social learning

Back 1

learning through TV, the outside, etc

Front 2

androgyny

Back 2

individuals who have characteristics of both genders

Front 3

advantages of androgyny

Back 3

healthier, flexible, higher self-esteem, more positive outlook in life, more tolerant, not as rigid

Front 4

how can androgyny be learned?

Back 4

by parents behaviors

Front 5

angrogyness is more liked by

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females

Front 6

male prefer women who are more

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traditional

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infants can sometimes sense what ______ they are

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sex

Front 8

Ericcson's theory focuses on

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devolopment

Front 9

oral sensory stage is what stage? when does it occur?

Back 9

first stage
birth to 1 year

Front 10

muscular-anal stage is what stage? when does it occur?

Back 10

second stage
2-3 years

Front 11

locomotor-genital stage is what stage? when?

Back 11

third stage
4-5 years

Front 12

latency stage is what stage? when?

Back 12

fouth stage
6-12 years

Front 13

adolescence stage is what stage? when?

Back 13

fifth stage
13-19 years

Front 14

young adulthood is what stage? when?

Back 14

sixth stage
20-24

Front 15

mid adulthood is what stage? when?

Back 15

seventh stage
25-64

Front 16

late adulthood is what stage? when?

Back 16

eighth stage
65-death

Front 17

oral-sensory

Back 17

trust vs mistrust
is mother there?
mother-child bonding

Front 18

oral-sensory strength

Back 18

hope

Front 19

muscular-anal

Back 19

autonomy vs shame and doubt
develope exploration

Front 20

muscular-anal strength

Back 20

will

Front 21

locomotor-genital

Back 21

guilt vs initiative
ability to set goals
tying shoes

Front 22

locomotor-genital strength

Back 22

purpose

Front 23

latency

Back 23

industry vs inferiority
school age
doing homework
challenges

Front 24

latency strength

Back 24

competence

Front 25

adolescence

Back 25

identity vs role confusion
changes physiologically
often confused about who they are and what they want

Front 26

adolescence strength

Back 26

fidelity

Front 27

young adulthood

Back 27

intimacy vs. isolation
how much time do you want to spend with people?
who do you want to date?
deeper love develops

Front 28

young adulthood strength

Back 28

love

Front 29

mid adulthood

Back 29

generativity vs stagnation
most productive years

Front 30

mid adulthood strength

Back 30

care

Front 31

late adulthood

Back 31

ego integrity vs despair
review your life

Front 32

late adulthood strength

Back 32

wisdom

Front 33

epigenetic principle

Back 33

stages build on each other, one step must come after another

Front 34

harmonious experience

Back 34

systonic

Front 35

disruptive experience

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dystonic

Front 36

Freud says during early childhood this forms....

Back 36

superego- have a concious

Front 37

self-concept

Back 37

sum total of abilities, attributes, and attitudes/ values that an individual believes are who they are

Front 38

preschoolers think very

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concretely

Front 39

around age 3 children start using

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emotions

Front 40

negative feedback could harm a childs

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exploration

Front 41

self esteem

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how good we can do something, are we likable?

Front 42

preschoolers start

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watching peoples reactions and predict others feelings

Front 43

empathy

Back 43

understanding of what others are feeling ex. kindness, helpful

Front 44

peer relations

Back 44

associative play with siblings

Front 45

cooperative play

Back 45

day care setting

Front 46

develop first friendships around what age?

Back 46

4-7

Front 47

sensitivity is the foundation for

Back 47

morality

Front 48

family trains aggressiveness through

Back 48

abuse (child or parent)

Front 49

preschoolers have difficulty making sense of

Back 49

more than one emotion at a time (conflicting emotions)

Front 50

preschoolers that have families that talk about feelings are better at

Back 50

understanding and predicting feelings later in life

Front 51

an example of advanced emotional understand

Back 51

playing make believe with siblings

Front 52

this group likes to have an audience

Back 52

preschoolers

Front 53

children act towards others the way their

Back 53

parents act towards them

Front 54

functional play is common during

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the first 2 years

Front 55

functional play examples are

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running around, rolling, playing cars back and forth

Front 56

constructive play is common around

Back 56

ages 3-6 years

Front 57

constructive play includes

Back 57

legos, building blocks, creating or building something

Front 58

make believe play is common between ages

Back 58

2-6

Front 59

three step process in peer sociability:

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1. nonsocial activity- playing alone, looking on
2. parallel play-children play near each other with similar toys but do not interact with each other
3. highest level play- preschoolers engage in separate activities but exhchange toys

Front 60

associative play

Back 60

do separate activities but share toys

Front 61

cooperative play

Back 61

children play towards a common goal

Front 62

children who have peer difficulties misinterpret

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others behaviors

Front 63

social problem solving improves between

Back 63

preschool and early school years

Front 64

freud believes moral devolopment is complete by ages

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5-6 years with the formation of superego

Front 65

if parents use threats, commands or physical force with children they are more likely not to

Back 65

feel guilty after harming someone

Front 66

authoritarian parenting

Back 66

absolute obedience, high control, working class, physical force. children are less cheerful, moody, vulnerable to stress

Front 67

permissive parenting

Back 67

child's freedom of expression/ autonomy is valued. parent's rely on reasoning, more middle class families

Front 68

authoritative parenting

Back 68

postive reinforcement and infrequent use of punishment, awareness of child's feelings and capabilities

Front 69

effects of punishment

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promotes momentary compliance, not lasting- changes in children's behavior

Front 70

harsh punishment serves to>

Back 70

provide adult models of aggression
teach children to avoid the adult
offer immediate relief to adults who re then reinforced for using coercive discipline

Front 71

alternatives to harsh punishment

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time out
withdraw privledges

Front 72

effectiveness of punishment increases when

Back 72

it is consistant
there is a warm parent/child relationship

Front 73

Doting Father/Mother

Back 73

give you whatever you want, protective, can do whatever you want

Front 74

problem with doting father/mother

Back 74

expect to get everything, can't do anything for themselves

Front 75

distant father/mother

Back 75

if both are distant= problems with future relationships, handle problems on their own, can't blease father and mother, very quiet child

Front 76

absent father/mother

Back 76

sibling rivalry

ex. traveling for work, divorce

Front 77

seductive father/mother

Back 77

ex. alcoholics, step parents

make comments that make you uncomfortable

Front 78

good father/ mother

Back 78

expectations are high, supportive, strict, but fair, intrested in activities

Front 79

demanding father/mother

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violence or threat of physcical violence, strict

Front 80

middle childhood issues:

Back 80

gain more independence
teasing
parents expect more
sleepovers
new identity
self esteem not yet est
start excluding people
start making own friends

Front 81

Freud's Latency stage:

Back 81

industry vs inferiority
develope competence
sports
sense of pride when things done well
gains self understanding
make social comparisons
inspect your appearance
become better at recieveing messages
peer influence comes important
self respect starts
develope self concious emotions (pride/guilt)

Front 82

pride

Back 82

motivates you to take on challenges

Front 83

guilt

Back 83

helps you fix things and stive for self improvement

Front 84

realize you can have more than one emotion around age

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8

Front 85

kids can understand and manage their emotions around age

Back 85

10

Front 86

if they have poor social skills they

Back 86

have a hard time imagining the feelings of others

Front 87

everyone has their own definition of

Back 87

fairness

Front 88

peer groups usually have the same

Back 88

dress code, vocabulary, etc.

ex. boy scouts, girl scouts

Front 89

peer acceptance is an indicator of

Back 89

later life situations

Front 90

agression, withdrawal, controversial is

Back 90

not accepted easily

Front 91

attachment: secure type

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feels secure when mother is out of site but returns after exploring the world

Front 92

attachment: anxious/ambivalent type

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unpredictable mother, infant has inconsistent mother, tempermental, and unsure of the world

Front 93

attachment:
avoidant type

Back 93

parents not emotionall demonstrative, dont show emotion, hug, kiss, laugh, smile, likely to avoid social interactions, trouble making friends

Front 94

secure type

Back 94

not clingy to friends

Front 95

ambivalent type

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friends for security has a hard time being alone

Front 96

avoidant

Back 96

likes being alone

Front 97

positive model of self
positive model of other

Back 97

secure and comfortable with intamacy and autonomy

Front 98

positive of self
negative of others

Back 98

dismissing of intimacy
counter dependence
have positive veiw of self, negative vew of others- dont let others get close to them, dont want a relationship

Front 99

negative view of self
positive view of others

Back 99

preoccupied with relationships

Front 100

negative view of self
negative view of others

Back 100

fearful of intimacy
socially avoidant
wants a relationship but can't trust it

Front 101

divorce children have lower

Back 101

self esteem

Front 102

older children help the younger children

Back 102

develop

Front 103

siblings close in age =

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lots of fighting

Front 104

siblings sometimes stive to be

Back 104

different from one another

Front 105

most divorces occur within the first ____ years of marraige

Back 105

7

Front 106

minimal parenting

Back 106

no same routine, discipline becomes harsh, and inconsistant, children may blame themselves for divorce

Front 107

divorce can trigger

Back 107

regression, depression, children start to shut down

Front 108

girls: long term consequences of divorce

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depend on temperment very reactive, more likely to have long term affects

Front 109

boys: long term consequences of divorce

Back 109

sometimes do better when dad has custody

Front 110

parental alienation syndrome

Back 110

when one parent is alienating the child from the other

ex. put downs, etc.

Front 111

there is no specific age when a

Back 111

child can be left unattended

Front 112

what type of parenting is self care children

Back 112

authoritative child rearing

Front 113

problems of development:

Back 113

1. anxiety about school
2. child sexual abuse

Front 114

most abuse occurs up to age

Back 114

3 because they are often defenseless

Front 115

most prisoners are victims of

Back 115

child abuse

Front 116

dyslexia

Back 116

trouble learning through conventional instruction

cause:
frustration
write backwards
trouble reading
motor disorders

Front 117

ADHD

Back 117

fails to give close attention to details

does not seem to listen
starts things but doesn't finish
difficulty organizing tasks
loses things/forgetful
fidgets

Front 118

girls better at _____ tests

Back 118

verbal

Front 119

boys better at ______ test

Back 119

math

Front 120

difference between genders ______ as they go through school

Back 120

declines

Front 121

high achievement influences:

Back 121

authoritative parenting
join decision making (parent/child)
peer influences
teachers
high level thinking
student participation
employment
vocational education

Front 122

ericcson's theory of adolescence

Identity

Back 122

identity begins, commitment to jobs, friends, sexual orientation, ideals

goal: resolve identity crisis

Front 123

ericcson's theory of adolescence

Identity confusion

Back 123

lack of direction and definition of self
restricted exploration adolscence

goal: prepare for adulthood

Front 124

factors that affect identity development:

Back 124

personality
authoritative, attached
peers, friends
schools
communities
larger context: culture, historical time period

Front 125

depression increased _____ times from the 60s

Back 125

1000

Front 126

depression due to:

Back 126

higher divorce rate
less physically active
more drug use
people more aware of diagnosing depresion

Front 127

more demands of society is on

Back 127

education

Front 128

parents help kids fit in by

Back 128

teaching htem a new skill

ex. sports, musical instrument

Front 129

self esteem

Back 129

competance

Front 130

self concept

Back 130

how you see yourself

Front 131

clique is

Back 131

small group of 5-7

Front 132

crowd is

Back 132

larger, several cliques

Front 133

pressures to conform:

Back 133

dress, grooming, social activity, proadult behavior, misconduct

Front 134

factors influencing depression:

Back 134

genetics
child rearing practices
learned helplessness

Front 135

leading cause of death among youth

Back 135

suicide

Front 136

greatest risk of suicide

Back 136

white males, AA males, gay, lesbian, and bi

Front 137

early onset for delinquicy

Back 137

biological risk factors and child rearing practices combined

Front 138

late onset for delinquicy

Back 138

around puberty- peer influences