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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Zygote
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-ferilized egg
-enters a 2 week period of cell division -fertilization until implantation |
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Embryo
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-developing human organism from 2 weeks through 2nd month
-major bodily systems form |
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Fetus
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-emergence of bone tissue until birth
-growth and finishing stage -30-40 weeks full term |
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Attachement
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strong emotional connection with another person
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cupboard love
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child attaches to person meetin their physiological needs
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primary return to the womb craving
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child resentsher extrusion from the womband seeks to return there, cant, so attaches to womb owner
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bowlby's theory
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child attaches to person meeting her emotional needs
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harlow's study
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rested idea that contact comfort lead to love in rhesus monkeys
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strange situation
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incolves 2 speration and 2 reuinions with caregiver
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securily attached
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parents is sensitive and responsive to child's emotional needs
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insecure-avoidant
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parent rejects child's emotional needs
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insecure- ambivalent
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parent inconsistently responds to child's emotional needs
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insecure- disorganized
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parents is abusive
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permissive parenting
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impose minimal controls on their children, warm
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authoritative parenting
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enforce standards, but encourage verbal give- and take, warm
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uninvolved parenting
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no rules, little involvemnt with kids, hostile
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cognitive development
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learning, reasoning and language development over the life span
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assimilation
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fitting new objects, events, etc. into an existing schema
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accomidation
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modifying a schema to fit new objects
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sensorimotor
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(age 0-2) the child begins to interact with the enviornment
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preoperational stage
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-(age 2-6 or 7) the child begins to represent the world symbolically
-egocentrism -lack the concept of conversation |
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concrete operations
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-(age 7-11 or 12) the child learns rules such as conversation
- can do logical operations -understand reversability -cant't think abstractly or hypothetically |
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formal operations
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-(age 12- adulthood) the adolscent can transcend concrete situations and think about the future
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early maturing boys
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- better in sports
- more attractive to girls and adults - happier, more confident |
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late maturing boys
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-less good at sports
- teased -self conscious |
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early maturing girls
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- receive early sexual advances
- like bodies early, dislike later - ultimately end up short and heavier |
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late maturing girls
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-dont like boies early, like later
-end up tall and slimmer |
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stress
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process by which we appraise and cope with enviornmental threats and challenges
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general adaptation syndrome
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-body's adaptive response to stress
-very general -responds no matter what cause stress |
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the daily hassels scale
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measures irritating, daily demands as rated by the person
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uplifts
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positive events that buffer against a daily hassle
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approach-approach conflict
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-choice between 2 appealing outcomes
-easy to resolve, low stress |
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avoidance- avoidance conflict
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-choice between 2 unappealing outcomes
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approach- avoidance conflict
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one goal with unappealing and appealing aspects
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social support
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improves ability to cope with stress and benefits health
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psychopathology
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refers to problematic patterns of thought, feeling and behaivor
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Axis 1
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symptoms that cause distress
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Axis 2
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personality disorders and mental retardation
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Axis 3
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medical conditions that may be relevant to understanding or treating a psychological disorder
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Axis 4
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psychosocial and enviornmental problems
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Axis 5
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global assesment of functioning
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder
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more or less constant worry about many issues
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Phobias
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intense, irrational fear
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
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-irrational, disturbing thoughts that intrude into consciousness
-repitive actions that turn into obsessions |
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Panic Disorder
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Panic Attack- helpless terror
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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
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follows traumatic event or events such as war, rape or assault
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Bipolar Disorder
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cycling between depression and mania
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Major Depression
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prolonged, very severe depression
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Dysthymia
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less sever but long- lasting depression
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Seasonal Affective Disorder
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cyclic severe depression and elevated mood
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somatoform disorders- conversion
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physical, symptoms, with no physical explanation
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somatoform disorders- somalization
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repeated, varying symptoms with no physical cause
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somatoform disorders- hypochndriasis
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excessive attention to state of health along with preoccupations wiht the minor aches and pains of living
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psychogenic amnesia
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total or partial loss of information about the self
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depersonalization disorder
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feelings of unreality
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dissociative identity disorder
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multiple personality disorder
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voyeurism
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sexual attraction to watching unconsenting people nude or engaged in sexual activity
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fetishism
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sexual attraction to inanimate objects
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pedophilia
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sexual attracton to prepuscent children
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schizophrenia
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a group of secere psychotic disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions and disorganized speech
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overinclusion
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jumping from idea to idea without the benefit of logical association
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paralogic
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on the surgace, seems logical, but seriously flawed
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catatonic behaivor
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unrespoveness to enviornemnt, usually marked by immobility for extended periods
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personality disorders- dependent
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helplessness, excessive need to be taken care of submissive and clinging behaivor
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personality disorders- histrionic
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excessive emotionality and preoccupation withe bein the center of attention
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personality disorders- narcissistic
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exaggerated ideas of self-importance and achievements
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personality disorders- antisocial
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shameless disregard for and violation of other people's rights
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social psychology
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scientific study of how we think about, influence and relate to one other
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attribution theory
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tendancy to give a casual explanation for someone's behaivor often by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition
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fundamental attribution error
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tendancy, when analyzing another's behaivor to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition
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foot in the door
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start with a small request and follow up with a large one
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door in the face
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start with a large request and follow up with a small one
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low ball
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make an attractive initial offer, after getting a commitment make the terms less good
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conformity
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adjusting one's behaivor or thinking to coincide with a group standard
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normative social influence
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influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid dissapproval
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informational social influence
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influence resulting from one's willingess to accept others' opinions about reality
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social facilitation
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improved performance of tasks in the presence of others
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social loafing
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tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward reaching a common coal then when individually accountable
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group polarization
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enhancement of a group's prevailing attitudes through discussion within the group
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altruism
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helping those in need
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bystander effect
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tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present
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insight therapies
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removing distressing symptoms by leading people to understand their causes through deeply felt personal thoughts
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behaivoral therapies
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based on principles of learning that focuses on obeserable behaivor
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cognitive therapies
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focuses on client's thoughts rather than his or her own feelings as behaivors
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resistance
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patients resist attempts to bring unconscious into conscious
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transference
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patient's unconscious feelings about person in their life experienced as feelings toward therapist
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psychodynamic therapy
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psychological problems result from inner mental conflicts
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person-centered therapy
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focus on thoughts, abilities cleverness of client
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empathy
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attempt to comprehend feelings from client's point of view
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unconditional positive regard
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client is worth and capable no matter what client does or says
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cognitive therapy
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identify maladaptive ways of thinking
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rational-emotive therapy
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negative emotions arise from people's irrations interpretations or experiences
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musterbating
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irrational belief that you must do or have something
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awfulizing
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mental exaggeration of setbacks
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behavior therapy
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concentrate on observable stimuli and responses
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timeouts
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removal of individual from the reinforcing situation
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token economics
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using tokens that can be excanged for other itemes or privales as a reinforcer
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stimulus satiation
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giving the person too much of a desired thing so as to reduce its attraction
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flooding
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immeerse consenting person the fear stimulus, after fear subsides calm sets in, is associated with the feared object
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systematic desentization
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create a hierarchy ranging from least to most feared stimulus, work through hierarchy while maintaining calm
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meta analysis
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procedure for statistaically combining the results of many different research studies
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