Psychology

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Psychology

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the science that studies behavior and the psysiological and cognitive processses that underlie it, and it is the profession that applies the accumulated knowledge of this science to pratical problems.

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What are the primary questions of psychology?

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How do people think, feel, and behave?

Why do people think, feel and behave the way they do?

What can we do with this knowledge to make the world a better place?

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Who founded psychology? When?

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William Wundt 1879

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Structuralism

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analyze conciousness into it's basic elements

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Functionalism

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investigate the function of conciousness

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Clinical Psychology

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Concerened with the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of individuals with psychological disorders, as well as treatment of less severe behavioral and emotional problems

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Counseling Psychology

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Clientele different from that of clinical psychology in that these psychologists deal with everyday, moderate severity problems, often specializing in family, marital, and career counseling

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Industrial/Organizational Psychology

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applies strategies based on psychological principles to improve business and industry

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Educational/ School pyschology

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applies strategies based on psychological principles to improve educational processes

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Cognitive Psychology

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study of people's ability to aquire, organize, remember, and use knowledge to guide behavior. Interested in memory, reasoning, information processing, language development, problem solving, decision making, and creativity.

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Developmental Psychology

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study of changes in individuals' abilities and dispositions as they grow older.

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Personality Psychology

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Interested in describing and understanding an individuals consistency in thoughts, feelings, and behavior which represent their personality

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Psychometrics

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concerned with the measurement of the pychological phenomena usually through development of psychological tests

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Psychological Psychology

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attempt to understand the biological mechanisms that organize and control behaviors

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Social Psychology

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attempt to understand how thoughts, feelings and behavior are influenced by actual or implied presence of others

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What are the goals of the scientific method?

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- Measurement and description

-Understanding and prediction

-application and control

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Steps of the scientific method?

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1. Formulate testable hypothesis

2. Select the method and design the study.

3. Collect Data

4. Analyze the data and draw conclusions

5. Report the findings

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What are the strengths and weaknesses of the experimental method?

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Strengths: Permits conclusion about cause and effect relationships

Weaknesses: Manipulations and control often make experiments artificial. Pratical realities and ethical concerns make it impossible to conduct experiments on many issues.

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What are the strenths and weaknesses of descriptive/correlational methods?

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Strength: Broadens the scope of phenomena that psychologists can study (can explore issues that could not be examined with experimental methods)

Weakness: Cannot demonstratethat two variables are casually related

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Case study

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in-depth investigation of single participant, typically involving data from many sources