Psychology

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OCD

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An anxiety disorder involving repetitive thoughts and urges to perform certain rituals.

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Generalized Anxiety Disorder

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A condition that involves relatively mild but long-lasting anxiety thatis not focused on any particular object or situation.

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Panic Disorder

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An anxiety disorder involving sudden panic attacks.

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Social Phobia

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An anxiety disorder involving strong, irrational fears relating to social situations.

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Accommodation

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The ability of the lens to change its shape and bend light rays so that objects are in focus

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Perceptual Constancy

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The perception of objects as constant in size, shape, color, and other properties despite changes in their retinal image.

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Social Cognitive

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An approach in which personality is seen as the patterns of thinking and behavior that a person learns

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Bottom Up Processing

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You see, hear, smell, something, and you can draw conclusions based on that

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Cookies

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Top Down Processing

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Using previous knowledge. The sign.

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Psychodynamic

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A view developed by Freud that emphasizes the interplay of unconscious mental processes in determining human thought, feelings,behavior,and personality.

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Social facilitation

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A phenomenon in which the presence of others improves a person's performance.

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Compliance

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Adjusting one's behavior because of an explicit or implicit request.

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Deindividuation

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A psychological state occurring in group members that results in loss of individuality and a tendency to do things not normally done alone.

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REM behavior disorder

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A sleep disorder in which a person does not lose muscle tone during REM sleep, allowing the person to act out dreams.

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Sleep apnea

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A sleep disorder in which people briefly but repeatedly stop breathing during the night.

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Stress

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The negative emotional and psysiological process that occurs as individuals try to adjust to or deal with stressors

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Stressors

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Environmental circumstances that disrupt or threaten to disrupt individual's daily functioning and cause people to make adjustments

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Chronic Stressors

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Those that continue over a long period of time- Include cirucmstances such as living near a noisy airport or in a high crime neighborhood, having illness,etc.

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Daily Hassles

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Include irritations, pressures, and annoyances that might not be significant stressors by themselves but whose cumulative effects can be significant.

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Cannon's

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Emotion then Physical

You run because you're scared.

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James'

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Physical then Emotion

You're scared because you're running.

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Catastrophic Events

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Sudden, unexpected, potentially life-threatening experiences or traumas such as physical or sexual assult, military combat, natural disasters, terrorist attacts, accidents.

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Dissociative Identity Disorder

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A dissociative disorder in which a person reports having more than one identity.

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Dysthymic Disorder

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A mood disorder involving a pattern of comparitively mild depression that lasts for at least two years.

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Anterograde Amnesia

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A loss of memory for any event that occurs after a brain injury.

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Ruminative Thinking

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The recurring intrusion of thoughts about stressful events.

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Functional fixedness

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The Tendency to use objects for only one purpose

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Mental Set

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The tendency for old patterns of problem solving to persist, even when they might not always be the most efficient alternative.

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Social loafing

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Exerting less effort when performing a group task when performing the same task alone.

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Functional analysis

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Analyzing behavior by studying what responses occur under what conditions of operant reward and punishment.

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Conditons of Worth

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According to Rogers, the feelings an individual experiences when the person, instead of the person's behavior, is evaluated.

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Self- efficacy

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Learned expectations about the probability of success in given situations.

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Prosopagnosia

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When one cannot consciously recognize faces- not even their own reflection- yet they can still see and recognize many other objects and can still recognize people by their voices.

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Blindsight

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Pathways that permit visual processing without visual awareness.

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Somatization disorder

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Disorder in which there are numerous physical complaints without verifable physical illness.

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Spreading activation

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A principle that explains how information is retrieved in semantic network theories of memory.

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Dysthymia

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A mood disorder involving a pattern of comparatively mild depression that lasts for at least two years.

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Major depressive disorder

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A mood disorder in which a person feels sad and hopeless for weeks or months.

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Fight or Flight

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The physical reactions initiated by the sympathetic nervous system that prepare the body to fight or to run from a threatening situation

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Signal detection

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A mathematical model of what determines a person's report that a near-threshold stimulus has or has not occurred.

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Actualizing tendency

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According to Rogers, an innate inclination toward growth that motivates all people.

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Id

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The unconscious portion of personality that contains basic impulses and urges