Psychology

Front 1

a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

Back 1

motivation

Front 2

a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned.

Back 2

instinct

Front 3

the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need

Back 3

drive-reduction theory

Front 4

a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level.

Back 4

homeostasis

Front 5

a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

Back 5

incentive

Front 6

Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active.

Back 6

hierarchy of needs

Front 7

the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.

Back 7

glucose

Front 8

hormones secreted by pancreas; controls blood glucose

Back 8

insulin

Front 9

protein secreted by fat cells; when abundant, causes brain to increase metabolism and decrease hunger.

Back 9

leptin

Front 10

hunger-triggering hormone secreted by hypothalamus

Back 10

orexin

Front 11

hormone secreted by empty stomach; sends "i'm hungry" signals to the brain

Back 11

ghrelin

Front 12

digestive tract hormone; sends "i'm not hungry" signals to the brain

Back 12

PYY

Front 13

the point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight.

Back 13

set point

Front 14

the body's resting rate of energy expenditure.

Back 14

basal metabolic rate

Front 15

an eating disorder in which a normal-weight person (usually an adolescent female) diets and becomes significantly (15% or more) underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve.

Back 15

anorexia nervosa

Front 16

an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise

Back 16

bulimia nervosa

Front 17

the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson-excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution

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sexual response cycle

Front 18

a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm

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refractory period

Front 19

a problem that consistently impairs sexual arrousal or functioning.

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sexual disorder

Front 20

a sex hormone, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males. In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity.

Back 20

estrogen

Front 21

the most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty.

Back 21

testosterone

Front 22

an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own sex (homosexual orientation) or the other sex (heterosexual orientation)

Back 22

sexual orientation

Front 23

a completely involved, focused state of conscioiusness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills

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flow

Front 24

the application of psychological concepts & methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces

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industrial-organizational (I/O) psychology

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a subfield of I/O psychology that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development

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personnel psychology

Front 26

a subfield of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change.

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organizational psychology

Front 27

interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales

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structured interviews

Front 28

a desire for significant accomplishment: for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for attaining a high standard

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achievement motivation

Front 29

goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals

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task leadership

Front 30

group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support

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social leadership