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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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From anterior to posterior, what are the five swellings that compose the developing brain at birth?
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telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, myelencephalon
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Diana Dukovcic
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In what four ways are drugs usually administered by?
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organ ingestion, by injection, by inhalation, by absorption through mucous membranes of the nose, mouth, or rectum
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Diana Dukovcic
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Where are glucocorticoids released from as part of the stress response?
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adrenal cortex
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Diana Dukovcic
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What is the most general relay station?
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Thalamus
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Blaine Muhl
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the LGN is composed of what two layers?
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Magnocellular and Parvocellular
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Blaine Muhl
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T/F: For every 4 rods there is about 1 ganglion cell
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TRUE
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Blaine Muhl
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What are the motor programs of the secondary motor cortex?
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Typing, driving a car, writing
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Blaine Muhl
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What does the basal ganglia receive input from?
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Multiple cortical regions and substantia nigra
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Blaine Muhl
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Ascending signal
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goes from the bottom up. Information from the environment to receptors to spinal cord to cortex
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Blaine Muhl
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2 Dorsolateral tracts
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Dorsolateral corticospinal tract, dorsolateral corticrubrospinal tract
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Blaine Muhl
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Two ascending pathways in the brain
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Dorsal column medial lemniscus system and anterolateral system
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Blaine Muhl
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NTs are stored in
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Vesicles
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Blaine Muhl
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All psychoactive drugs are ____ agonists
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dopamine
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Blaine Muhl
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Dopamine is synthesized by what?
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Tyrosine
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Blaine Muhl
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T/F: Dopamine is excitatory and inhibitory depending on the location in the brain
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TRUE
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Blaine Muhl
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Why are drugs addictive?
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Positive incentive, discontinuation syndrome, association between doing something and the drug (habit)
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Blaine Muhl
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Alcohol_____the heart rate and ______ the release of dopamine
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depresses, increases
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Blaine Muhl
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Duchenne smile
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real smile
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Blaine Muhl
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pyramidal smile
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fake smile
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Blaine Muhl
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Physiological responses to fear
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increase BP, heart rate increase, digestive system shuts down, pupils dilate, sweating
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Blaine Muhl
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What is referred to as the "Master Gland"
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Pituitary
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Blaine Muhl
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The vertebrae nervous system is composed of two divisions:
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CNS and PNS
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Blaine Muhl
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Divisions of PNS
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somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
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Blaine Muhl
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What are three techniques for comparing affects of left-hemisphere and right-hemisphere lesions?
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Sodium amytal test, dichotic listening test, and functional brain imaging
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Kristen Lervik
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What happened to the cook who had prefrontal cortex damage?
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She could not carry out various steps in proper sequence to make even a simple meal.
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Kristen Lervik
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How did the World War 1 veteran regain his manhood, or be able to achieve erections?
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Doctors injected testosterone, known as testosterone replacement therapy, into his penis muscles.
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Kristen Lervik
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What are the two divisions of the mesencephalon?
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tectum and tegmentum
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Brian LeSage
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NMDA is a receptor for what neurotransmitter?
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Glutamate
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Brian LeSage
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What are the three main causes of cerebral ischemia?
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Thrombosis (plug formed at the site and blocks blood flow).
Embolism (plug is carried from somewhere else and lodged) Arteriosclerosis (blood vessel walls thicken and channels narrow) |
Laura White
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What is the most common cause of dementia?
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Alzheimer's disease
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Laura White
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_______ is the inability to smell and _______ is the inability to taste.
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Anosmia (inability to smell)
Ageusia (inability to taste) |
Laura White
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Loss of memory for events or information learned before the amnesia-inducing brain injury.
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Retrograde amnesia
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Haley Hoffman
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Loss of memory for events occurring after the amnesia-inducing brain injury.
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Anterograde amnesia
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Haley Hoffman
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Amnesia for information presented in all sensory modalities.
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Global Amnesia
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Haley Hoffman
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Temporary memory that is necessary for the performance of tasks on which one is currently working is called______ memory.
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Working Memory
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Emily Gatewood
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Memory for the general principals and skills that are required to perform a task is called_____memory.
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Reference Memory
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Emily Gatewood
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Via what process are memories transferred from short-term to long-term?
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Consolidation
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Emily Gatewood
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Evidence suggests children sometimes display____memory for events from their early childhood for which they have no _____memory.
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Implicit; Explicit
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Emily Gatewood
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afferent nerves carry information to ______, while efferent nerves carry information to _______.
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brain, organs
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Kelly Doran
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The forebrain is made up of the _____ and the ______.
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Telencephalon (cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, limbic system) and the Diencephalon (hypothalamus, thalumus, pituitary)
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Kelly Doran
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The midbrain is made up of the _____ which is split into the _______ and _______.
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Mesencephalon= tectum and tegmentum
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Kelly Doran
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The hindbrain is made up of the _________ and the _______.
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Metencephalon (cerebellum and pons) and the Myencephalon (medulla)
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Kelly Doran
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Homogenizing forces seek to....
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equalize the charge of the inside of the cell with the charge outside of the cell.
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Kelly Doran
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What is resting potential of the cell and when does this turn into the threshold of excitation?
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-70 mv, when it becomes -65 mv.
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Kelly Doran
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During ESPS a _______ channel opens causing _____. During ISPS a _____ channel opens causing _______.
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Na+, depolarization---- Cl-, hyperpolarization
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Kelly Doran
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Transmission of Action Potential is faster on myelinated neurons because they have ______.
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Nodes of Ranvier
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Kelly Doran
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Psychoactive drugs influence experience and behavior by acting on what?
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the nervous system
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Kelly Doran
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The function of dopamine transporters is what?
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The reuptake of dopamine
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Kelly Doran
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Dorsal stream runs from primary visual cortex to the parietal lobe and deals with the "____" factor, while the ventral stream runs from V1 to the temporal lobe and deals with the "_____" factor.
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where, what
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Kelly Doran
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The organization of the _____ somatosensory cortex is somatotopic.
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primary
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Kelly Doran
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What type of brain imaging provides both structural and functional information?
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An MRI
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Kelly Doran
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What type of atlas do scientists use to determine the location of specific structures of the brain before lab experiments?
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A Stereotaxic atlas
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Kelly Doran
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The master or the master gland is the _____, just below this is the _______.
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pituitary gland, hypothalmus
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Kelly Doran
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What are the two steps of manufacturing of a neurotransmitter?
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Synthesis, and storage in vesicles
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Jamie Fraser
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Where does transmission occur?
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terminal button
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Jamie Fraser
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What are the three steps of transmission?
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exocytosis, binding/activation,deactivation
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Jamie Fraser
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When an action potential reaches the terminal button and causes the release of a neurotransmitter it is called
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exocytosis
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Jamie Fraser
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What is the process called when a NT diffuses across the synaptic cleft?
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Binding/activation
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Jamie Fraser
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What is it called when NT's depolarize or hyperpolarize the membrane of the next neuron?
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Post-synaptic potential
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Jamie Fraser
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Ionotropic is _______ activation
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direct
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Jamie Fraser
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Metabotropic is _____ activation
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indirect
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Jamie Fraser
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