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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Three types of neurons
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sensory, motor and interneurons
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What type of neuron is input from sensory organs to the brain and spinal cord
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sensory neurons
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What type of neuron is output from the brain and spinal cord to he muscles and glands
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Motor neurons
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What neurons carry information between other nerons only found in the brain and spinal cord
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interneurons
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What part of the neuron contains the cells nucleus
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Cell body
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What part of the neuron contains the DNA.
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Cell body
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What part of the neuron is responsible for protein manufacturing
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cell body
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What part of the neuron is responsible for direcing metabolism
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Cell body
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This part of the neuron has no role in neural signaling
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cell body
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What part of the neuron is considered the informatino collectors
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dendrites
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What part of the neuron receives inputs from neighborning neurons
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dendrites
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The neurons output structre is called the
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axon
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How many axons are present per cell
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One
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This part of the neuron has a white fatty casing
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myelin sheath and nodes of Ranvier
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This part of the neuron acts as an electrical insulator.
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myelin sheath and nodes of Ranvier
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This increases the spead of neural signals down the axon
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myelin sheath and nodes of Ranvier
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These branch out from the axon
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terminal branches and buttons
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This is responsile for sending neurotransmitters to other neurons and cells
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terminal branches and buttons
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This holds neurotransmitters and releases only to appropriate cells
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terminal buttons
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Neurons communicate by means of an electrical signal called
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action potential
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These are based on movements of ions between the outside and inside of the cell
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action potential
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Gap between terminal buttons and dendrites
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synapse
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Action potential within a neuron occurs with channels that open and close, what chemical comes in and what goes out
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sodium in, potassium out
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This causes vesicles to open
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action potential
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What is presynaptic
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info to send
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What is postsynaptic
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info to receive
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This increases the likelihood that the postsynaptic neuron will activate.
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excitatory message
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This decreases the likelihood that the postsynaptic neuron will activate
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inhibitory message
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What function does acetylcholine invole
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memory
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What function does dopamine involve
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movement/thought
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What function does serotonin involve
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emotion/sleep
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What function does Norepinephrine involve
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physical arousal/learning
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What function does GABA involve
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inhibition of brain activity/anxiety
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What function does endorphins involve
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pain preception nd positive emotions
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Parkinson's is caused by a loss of what neurotransmitter
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dopamine
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Dopamine imbalance also is involved in what mental condition
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schizophrenia
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What neurotransmitter is involved with sleep and depression
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serotonin
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Central nervous system is made up of what
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brain and spinal cord
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This carries messages to and from the CNS
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peripheral nervous system
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Controls voluntary muscles and transmits sensory info to CNS
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somatic nervous system
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This nervous system controls involuntary body functions
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autonomic nervous system
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This arouses bodyto expend energy
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sympathetic nervous system
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This calms body to conserve and maintain energy
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parasymphathetic nervous system
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The pituitary, adrenal and gonads make up what
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endocrine system
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This is attached to the base of the brain, hormones affect the function of other glands
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pituitary
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What gland produces hormones involved in human stress response
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adrenal glands
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What gland produces hormones that regulate sexual characteristics and reproductive processes
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gonads
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The brain stem is made up of what two structures
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hindbrain and midbrain
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The thalamus, limbic system and cerebral cortex make up what brain structure
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Forebrain
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The hindbrain structure of the brain contain
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Pons, cerebellum, reticular formation, and medulla
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This part of the brain coordinates rapid voluntary movements
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cerebellum
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This part of the brin is responsible for breathing, heart rate, digestion and other vital reflexes
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medulla
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This part of the brain helps coordinate movements on the left and right sides of the body
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pons
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This part of the brain is responsible for sleep and arousal as well as attention
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retiular formation
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The thalamus, limbic system and cerebral cortex make up what structure in the brain
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forebrain
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A group of forebrain structures that form a border around the brainstem and are involved in emotion, motivation, learning and memory
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limbic system
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This part of the limbic system maintains homeostasis
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hypothalamus
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This part of the limbic system links the endocrine system to the brain and regulates eating and drinking
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hypothalamus
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Structure in the limbic system responsible for emotion
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amygdala
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Strucgture in the limbic system responsible for memory
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thalamus
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This part of the brain coordinates rapid voluntary movements
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cerebellum
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This part of the brain is responsible for breathing, heart rate, digestion and other vital reflexes
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medulla
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This part of the brain helps coordinate movements on the left and right sides of the body
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pons
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This part of the brain is responsible for sleep and arousal as well as attention
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retiular formation
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The thalamus, limbic system and cerebral cortex make up what structure in the brain
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forebrain
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A group of forebrain structures that form a border around the brainstem and are involved in emotion, motivation, learning and memory
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limbic system
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This part of the limbic system maintains homeostasis
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hypothalamus
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This part of the limbic system links the endocrine system to the brain and regulates eating and drinking
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hypothalamus
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Structure in the limbic system responsible for emotion
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amygdala
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Strucgture in the limbic system responsible for memory
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hippocampus
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This part of the limbic system is responsible for processing info from the senses
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thalamus
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This is the relay station and processes info to and from higher brain centers
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thalamus
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Notion that different functions are located in different areas of the brain
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localization
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Notion that different functions are processed primarily on one side of the brain or the other
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lateralization
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This hemisphere is responsible for language, speech, reading, writing
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left hemisphere
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This hemisphere is responsible for nonverbal emotional expression and visual-spatial tasks
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right hemisphere
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Partial or complete inability to articulare ideas or understand language
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aphasia
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This plays a role in speech production
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Broca's area
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This plays a role in understanding and meaningful speech
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Wernike's area
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This lobe of the cortex is the largest lobe. Involves thinking, planning, and emotinoal control
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frontal lobe
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This lobe of the cortex is receiving area for auditory info
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temporal lobe
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This lobe of the cortex is receiving area for visual info
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occipital lobe
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This lobe of the cortex processes somatic info
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parietal lobe
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