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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Transient Exuberance |
▪temporary increase in # of dendrites in brain during first two years of life. ▪Unused dendrites wither to allow more space for more synapses and more complex thinking. |
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Experience-dependent |
brain development is variable because circumstances vary. |
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Experence-expectant |
brain development occurs because of circumstances that all human babies should have. |
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Head-Sparing |
• A biological mechanism. • Protects the brain when malnutrition affects the body. •Brain is the last part of body to be damaged by malnutrition. |
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R.E.M. |
Rapid Eye Movement |
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neuron |
nerve cell in the central nervous system, especially the brain. |
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• Axon (electrical) / (sends) • Dendrite (receives) • Synapse (gap) • Neurotransmitter (chemical). |
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Axon (electrical) |
• fiber extending from a neuron • sends messages to neurons |
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Dendrite (receives) |
• fiber extending from a neuron • receives messages from neurons |
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Synapse (gap) |
• gab between neurons |
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Myelin (cover) |
• covers axons • speeds transmission of impulses |
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Neurotransmitters |
• carry info from one neuron to another |
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SIDS |
▪Sudden Infant Death Syndrome |
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Sensation |
▪response of a sensory system when it detects stimulus ▪eyes, ears, tongue, nose |
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Perseption |
▪mental processing of sensory information |
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S → P→C |
Sensation then Perception then Cognition |
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Hearing (most mature) |
▪Develops during last trimester ▪Speech perception by 4 months |
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Seeing (least mature) |
▪newborns focus between 4-30 inches away ▪Experience, maturation of visual cortex improve details ▪Binocular vision at 3 months |
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Gross VS Fine Motor skills |
▪Gross: large body movement ▪Fine: small body movement |
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Dynamic systems (3 types) |
▪Muscle strength ▪Brain Maturation ▪Practice |
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Public Health Measures |
▪Clean Water ▪Nourishing food ▪Immunization ▪Medical Treatments |
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Sensory Motor Intelligence |
▪Piaget's term to describe the way infants think-by using their senses and motor skills-during the first period of cognitive development
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Circular Reactions |
Interaction of sensation, perception, and cognition |
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Primary Circular Reactions |
▪Stage 1 (birth to 1 mo): Reflexes (ex: sucking, grasping) ▪Stage 2 (l to 4 mo): Habits (ex: sucking thumbs or pacifier) |
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Secondary Circular Reactions |
▪Stage 3 (4-8mo): Attempt to make intresting things last (ex: Clapping hands to patty cakes) ▪Stage 4 (6-I2 mo): Initiate and anticipate (ex: putt moms hands together to make her start patty cakes) |
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Tertiary Circular Reactions |
Stage 5 (12-18mo): Active Exploration ("little scientist'') Stage 6 (l8-24 mo): Mental combinations; intellectual experimentation via imagination (ex: toddlers can pretend, think of consequences) |
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Object Permanence |
Realization that objects Ppl. continue to exsist when they are no longer in sight |
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Holophrase |
Single words that express a complete thought |
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Naming explosion |
▪many of words are nouns (person, place, things) ▪50-100 words/mo. |
