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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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motivation
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a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
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instinct
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a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned
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drive-reduction theory
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the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
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homeostasis
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a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state
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incentive
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a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
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hierarchy of needs
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Maslow's pyramid of human needs. physiological needs, safety needs, love needs, esteem needs, then self actualization needs
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glucose
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form of sugar that provides energy for body tissues
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set point
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"weight thermostat" if youre starving you eat if youre stuffed you dont
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basal metabolic rate
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body's resting rate of energy expenditure
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anorexia nervosa
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normal person diets and gets underweight and still feels the need to starve themselves
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bulimia nervosa
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people eat fat foods and throw up afterwards
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sexual response cycle
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four stages of sex. excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution
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refractory period
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resting period after orgasm where the man can not achieve another orgasm
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sexual disorder
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problem that impairs sexual arousal or functioning
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estrogen
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sex hormone secreted in greater amounts by females
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testosterone
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sex hormone secreted in greater amounts by males
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sexual orientation
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being attracted to members of the same sex or opposite sex
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achievement motivation
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a desire for significant accomplishment
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emotion
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a response involving physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, conscious experience
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James-Lange theory
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theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion (we are afraid bc our heart pounds)
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Cannon-Bard theory
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theory that an emotion triggers responses (your heart begins pounding bc you are afraid)
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two-factor theory
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to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal
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catharsis
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emotional release
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feel-good, do-good phenomenon
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people's tendency to be helpful when in a good mood
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subjective well-being
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self perceived happiness or satisfaction with life
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adaption-level phenomenon
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our tendency to form judgements relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience
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relative deprivation
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the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself
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general adaption syndrome (GAS)
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responses to stress. alarm, resistance, exhaustion
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stress
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the way we respond to events that we appraise as threatening or challenging
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coronary heart disease
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the clogging of vessels that nourish the heart
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Type A
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competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, anger-prone people
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Type B
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easygoing, relaxed people
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psychophysiological illness
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"mind-body" illness, any stress related illness such as a headache
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psychoneuroimmunology
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study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes affect the immune system and health
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lymphocytes
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two types of white blood cells that are part of the immune system. B - bone marrow, T - thymus
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aerobic exercise
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exercise that increases heart and lung fitness
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biofeedback
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system that feed backs things such as blood pressure and muscle tension
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complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)
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supplements that serve as alternatives
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free association
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relax and say whatever comes to mind
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psychoanalysis
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freuds theory of personality and associated treatment techniques
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unconscious
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information of processes to which we are unaware of
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id
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reservoir of unconscious psychic energy constantly striving to satisfy basic drives to survive, reproduce, and aggress
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ego
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mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. satisfys the id's desires bringing pleasure rather than pain
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superego
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represents internal ideals and provides judgement
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psychosexual stages
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childhood stages of development. oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital
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oedipus complex
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boy's sexual desire toward his mother and hatred toward his father
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identification
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process by which children incorporate their parents' values into developing their super egos
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fixation
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pleasure seeking energies where conflicts were unresolved
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defense mechanisms
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tactics that reduce or redirect anxiety by distorting reality
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repression
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defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memory
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regression
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defense mechanism where an individual faced with anxiety retreats to an earlier stage of development
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reaction formation
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defense mechanism where the ego makes unacceptable impulses into their opposites
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projection
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defense mechanism where people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others
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rationalization
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defense mechanism that offers a self justifying explanation in place of a real one
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displacement
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defense mechanism that diverts sexual or aggressive impulses toward an object or person that is more acceptable than the one that aroused the feelings
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collective unconscious
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common reservoir of images derived from our species' experiences
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projective tests
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a personality test that provides stimuli to trigger ones dynamics
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thematic apperception test
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test where people view images and tell a story about them
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rorschach inkblot test
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set of 10 inkblots seeking to identify one's inner feelings
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self-actualization
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process of fulfilling our potential
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unconditional positive regard
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an attitude of total acceptance toward another
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self-concept
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all our thoughts and feeling towards ourselves
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trait
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people's characteristic behaviors and conscious motives
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personality inventories
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longer questionnaires covering a wide range of feelings and behaviors
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minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI)
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the highest used personality test
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empirically derived test
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testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups
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social-cognitive perspective
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views behavior as influenced by the interaction between persons and their social content
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reciprocal determinism
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the interacting influences between personality and environmental factors
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personal control
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our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless
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external locus of control
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the perception that chance or outside forces determines their fate
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internal locus of control
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the perception that one controls one's fate
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learned helplessness
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the hopelessness you learn when unable to avoid repeated aversive events
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positive psychology
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scientific study of human functioning
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spotlight effect
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overestimating others' noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders
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self-esteem
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one's feelings of high or low self-worth
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self-serving bias
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a readiness to percieve oneself favorably
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