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17 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Explain Darwin's theory of evolution

All species of living organisms are capable of producing more offspring than environmental resources can support. When this happens, a struggle for existence occurs

Survival of the fittest

Only those members of a species who are best adapted to their environment survive and reproduce

Adaptation

Any physiological structure, trait or behavioral pattern that facilitates survival and reproduction

Natural selection

Only organisms that possess adaptive traits in a given environment survive and reproduce

Sexual selection

Typically, females, but sometimes males, within a species will select mates with certain physical and behavioral characteristics, thereby perpetuating those characteristics into future generations

How does fitness differ from inclusive fitness

Inclusive fitness is helping relatives, who share their genes, survive and produce. Fitness is just differential reproduction and nothing else

What are the differences between sociobiology and evolutionary psychology
Evolutionary psychology states that some behaviors are adaptive because they solve problems. Goals exist in the short run, relative to revolutionary time, and are confined to specific environmental challenges.
What are Women's preferences for long-term mating and for short term mating
Long: Men with resources and the ability to obtain them



Short: Quality over quantity, superior genes, more physically attractive (symmetrical)

What are Men's preferences for long-term mating and for short-term mating
Long: Mate with reproductive value, women who show signs of fidelity and commitment



Short: Men play fast, loose, and are undiscriminating (lower their standards)

What is the Coolidge effect
The elimination of post-ejaculator refractory period for males when a novel partner is introduced
Sex differences in jealousy
Men get more upset imagining their partner enjoying passionate sexual intercourse with another person
Explain strategic interference and deception for men and women. Examples
Men will derogate a rivals resource potential and deceive women with fake commitment.

Men are likely to pay "courtship costs" if they are looking for casual sex




Women deceive men about their sexual availability



What are the different types of altruism, cite and explain both types.
Kin Altruism: The tendency to help kin under life-or-death vs. everyday conditions. ex: grab kids in a fire instead of husband, kids cannot be replaced



Reciprocal Altruism: Humans who cooperate with one another have a better chance of survival





Parenting as altruism
We are drawn to a baby face. Our neurons reflexively respond to an infants big eyes, broad forehead, button nose, and tiny chin.



Researchers concluded that the parental instinct is present in all of us. We are all hard wired to respond and care for babies, to help us perpetuate the species

Xenophobia
Fear or distrust of strangers
What are dysfunctional behaviors according to evolutionary psychology theory, Examples
Dysfunctional behaviors occur because evolved psychological mechanisms fail to activate appropriately



ex: Suicide, murder, Homicide within' families, addiction, anorexia

Criticisms and contributions
Criticism: Adaptationism, story telling, legitimizes status quo (racist & sexist), ignores important research in the neurosciences


Contributions: Connections with other theories, The big 5, eliminates false dichotomies, heuristic