Psychology

Front 1

impression management

Back 1

 Refers to how we present ourselves to others

 Involves dress, language, and other behaviors

 Self-presentation predicaments
• Situations that threaten the image we would like to project

Front 2

Correspondence bias

Back 2

fundamental attribution error --Tendency to use internal factors to explain others’ behavior, external or situational factors to explain our own behavior

Front 3

Self-serving bias

Back 3

see self in more positive light

Front 4

attitudes

Back 4

 Tendency to evaluate someone or something positively or negatively
 Dimensions:

• Strength
• Importance
• Accessibility

 Consciousness --explicit or implicit attitudes
 Complexity
 Ambivalence– both positive and negative feelings
 Coherence—internally consistent

Front 5

cognitive dissonance

Back 5

 Leon Festinger

 Attitude change can occur when there is a lack of harmony between our thoughts, feelings and behavior – when things are dissonant
 We strive for harmony

Front 6

attribution theory

Back 6

 Inferring the causes of one’s own and others’ behavior – “why”
 Look at internal cues and external or situational factors
 Rely on
• Consistency
• Consensus
• Distinctiveness
 External attributions
• The situation caused (is responsible for) the behavior

 Internal attributions
• The person is responsible for the behavior

 Attributional style
• Habitual ways of making attributions
• Either external or internal

Front 7

Discrimination

Back 7

negative behaviors towards members of particular group

Front 8

Stereotypes

Back 8

 Stereotypes involve characteristics attributed to people based on their membership in specific groups
 Often precludes receptiveness to new information, over-generalize and are inaccurate
 A rigid schema
 Save cognitive energy, simplify experience

Front 9

Prejudices

Back 9

pre-judging people based on usually negative stereotypes

 Comes from: Social learning – parents, peers, schools, media, churches
 Intergroup conflict – when minority group tries to improve status, meets opposition from majority group
 Authoritarian personality – Adorno et.al.

Front 10

first impression

Back 10

 Initial perception of other person
 Our first impression of someone serves as a benchmark for all future evaluations of the person
 First impressions serve as a schema (how to respond)
 Physically attractive people are assumed to be:
• Warm
• Friendly
• Intelligent

 Those who perceive themselves as attractive tend to report being:
• More extroverted
• Socially comfortable
• Mentally healthy

Front 11

halo effect

Back 11

The tendency to assume that positive qualities cluster together

• The halo effect is also referred to as :
• what is beautiful is good”

Front 12

social psychology

Back 12

Studies the influence of social processes on the way people think, feel and behave

Front 13

social cognition

Back 13

How people think about themselves, others, their interactions and relationships

Front 14

coping strategies

Back 14

 Exercise
 2. Relaxation techniques
 3. Proper rest and nutrition
 4. Confront the stress.
 5. Laughter
 6. Use a confidante
 7. Take time for yourself
 8. Positive attitude

Front 15

problem focused coping

Back 15

 Problem Focused
 Remove the stressor (end the relationship)
 Quit a stressful job

Front 16

emotion focused coping

Back 16

 Choose to not get upset
 Meditation approaches

Front 17

daily hassles

Back 17

cumulative stressers

Front 18

acculturative stress

Back 18

Adapting to a new culture

Front 19

Stressor

Back 19

 Loss of a loved one
 Especially life long partner

 Unemployment
 Common in free economies like the USA

 Acculturative
 Adapting to a new culture

 Catastrophes
 Hurricane Katrina

 Daily Hassles
 Cumulative affect
 Stressors
 Eustress
 Distress

Front 20

Selye

Back 20

father of stress

Front 21

Lazarus

Back 21

 Stages of stress and coping:
 Primary appraisal
 Secondary appraisal

 Emotional forecasting

Front 22

GAS

Back 22

 --Physical reaction to stress:

 Alarm – fight or flight

 Resistance – continue on high level

 Exhaustion – body’s defenses are drained

Front 23

control drinking

Back 23

 Limit to two a day
 Abstain for at least 2 days per week
 Drink standard size beverages
 Don’t drink on empty stomach
 Intersperse alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages at parties
 Drink fruit juice or cold water instead
 Associate with responsible drinkers – get a life
 Don’t drink before 6 p.m.
 Spend time in places and in activities not associated with drinking

Front 24

obesity -- heritability, set point, leptin, BMI, diseases

Back 24

 Body weight 15% or more above the ideal for one’s height and weight
 Body Mass Index (BMI)
 Genes
 Hormones
 Decreased levels of leptin leads to hunger

Front 25

seven health habits

Back 25

 Eat breakfast
 Eat regular meals – avoid snacking
 Eat moderately – maintain normal weight
 Avoid smoking
 Moderate alcohol usage – or none
 Regular sleep
 Regular exercise

Front 26

health belief model

Back 26

 Perceived susceptibility
 Perceived severity
 Benefits and barriers
 Cues to action

Front 27

health psychology

Back 27

Understanding psychological influences on wellness, illness and adaptation to illness