Psychology

Front 1

embryo

Back 1

the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month.

Front 2

placenta

Back 2

A membranous vascular organ that develops during pregnancy, lining the uterine wall and partially enveloping the fetus, to which it is attached by the umbilical cord. Following birth, the placenta is expelled

Front 3

retrograde

Back 3

of amnesia; affecting time immediately preceding trauma

Front 4

zygote

Back 4

the fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo

Front 5

hippocampus

Back 5

a neural center located in the limbic system that helps process explicit memories for storage.

Front 6

anterograde

Back 6

of amnesia; affecting time immediately following trauma

Front 7

Broadbent-limited capacity channel

Back 7

filter that reduces info to long term memory

Front 8

Memory

Back 8

The persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
recognition, recall and reconstructive memory

Front 9

meiosis

Back 9

The process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in reproductive cells from diploid to haploid, leading to the production of gametes in animals and spores in plants

Front 10

How is memory stored in the brain?

Back 10

Encode, store, retreive. Chemically (RNA/DNA), Structurally (Brain dendrites)

Front 11

chromosomes

Back 11

structures made of DNA molecules that contain genes

Front 12

amnesia

Back 12

the loss of memory

Front 13

intereference

Back 13

a reason we forget things; other facts get in the way.

Front 14

DNA

Back 14

(deoxyribonucleic acid), a complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chomosomes

Front 15

RNA

Back 15

a nucleic acid that transmits genetic information from DNA to the cytoplasm; controls certain chemical processes in the cell

Front 16

Authoritarian parenting

Back 16

impose rules and expect obedience.

Front 17

mitosis

Back 17

The process in cell division by which the nucleus divides

Front 18

long-term memory

Back 18

the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system

Front 19

state-dependent memory

Back 19

recall info best in the state you learned it.

Front 20

Miller's magic number

Back 20

7 plus or minus 2. We can best learn things w/ 7 plus or minus 2 parts.

Front 21

Turner syndrome

Back 21

A congenital condition of females associated with a defect or absence of an X-chromosome, characterized by short stature, sexual underdevelopment, and other physical abnormalities

Front 22

What percent of birth defects are genetic?

Back 22

20%

Front 23

What percent of birth defects are chromosomal?

Back 23

10%

Front 24

What percent of births will have an anomoly?

Back 24

10%

Front 25

episodic memory

Back 25

most information. Store info in terms of events. Experience, not necessarily labeled w/ words (What did you do last week?)

Front 26

Cri du chat

Back 26

a chromosomal disorder characterized by a funny crying that eventually causes death.

Front 27

Klinefelter syndrome

Back 27

a chromosomal anomaly in males who have more than one X chromosome (XXY or XXXY instead of XY); marked by small testes and long legs and enlarged breasts and decreased sperm production and mental retardation

Front 28

rehearsal

Back 28

the conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage

Front 29

Tay Sachs

Back 29

a hereditary disorder of lipid metabolism occurring most frequently in individuals of E European Jewish descent; accumulation of lipids in nervous tissue results in death in early childhood

Front 30

Sickle cell anemia

Back 30

A chronic, usually fatal anemia marked by sickle-shaped red blood cells, occurring almost exclusively in Black people of Africa or of African descent, and characterized by episodic pain in the joints, fever, leg ulcers, and jaundice.

Front 31

semantic memory

Back 31

structured in language. Independent of time and space

Front 32

iconic memory

Back 32

a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second.

Front 33

chunking

Back 33

organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically

Front 34

PKU

Back 34

A genetic disorder in which the body lacks the enzyme necessary to metabolize phenylalanine to tyrosine. Left untreated, the disorder can cause brain damage and progressive mental retardation as a result of the accumulation of phenylalanine and its breakdown products

Front 35

Cystic fibrosis

Back 35

A hereditary disease of the exocrine glands, usually developing during early childhood and affecting mainly the pancreas, respiratory system, and sweat glands. It is characterized by the production of abnormally viscous mucus by the affected glands, usually resulting in chronic respiratory infections and impaired pancreatic function

Front 36

Spitz & Bowlby

Back 36

ethological point of view. Monkeys and human infants become despairing and upset w/o families. Studies in orphanages

Front 37

Alzheimer's

Back 37

a progressive and irreversible brain disorder characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and, finally, physical functioning.

Front 38

teratogens

Back 38

agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm.

Front 39

attachment

Back 39

an emotional tie w/ another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation

Front 40

short-term memory

Back 40

activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten

Front 41

procedural knowledge

Back 41

skills (ex. Ride bike)

Front 42

What percent of birth defects are due to environment?

Back 42

70%

Front 43

authoritative parenting

Back 43

both demanding and responsive. Exert control not only by setting rules and enforcing them but also by explaining the reasons and especially with older children, encouraging open discussion and allowing exceptions when making the rules.
**Provides children w/ greatest sense of control.
*Baumrind

Front 44

imprinting

Back 44

the process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life. ex. ducks

Front 45

sensory memory

Back 45

the immediate, initial recording of sensory information in the memory system.

Front 46

echoic memory

Back 46

momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled w/in 3 or 4 seconds

Front 47

Klaus & Kennel

Back 47

delivery room practices. Compared development of those babies held earlier who became happier and more securely attached. Indicates pre-wired.

Front 48

Ainsworth

Back 48

Attachment styles reflect mothering styles

Front 49

primacy effect

Back 49

LTM. Remember first b/c salient and time to process.

Front 50

serial position effect

Back 50

Best recall first and last in a series

Front 51

Korsakoff's syndrome

Back 51

among alcoholics; destruction of hippocampal neurons and interferews with short term memory.

Front 52

declarative knowledge

Back 52

facts for recall (ex. Telephone number)

Front 53

recency effect

Back 53

STM. No interference b/c nothing after

Front 54

mnemonic devices

Back 54

memory aids, esp. those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices.