Psychology 210 Biological Psychology Lubar

Front 1

Donald Hebb

Back 1

Postulated that short term memory is produced by reverberating neural circuits in the frontal lobes. A process called consolidation was proposed to describe the shift of information from short term memory to long term memory.

Front 2

HM

Back 2

A patient who was studies and had anterograde amnesia after surgical removal of the hippocampus on the left and right sides of the brain to cure seizures. He infact was inable to form new declarative memories. Although he could recall memories from his youth , he could not remember anything that happened since his surgery.

Front 3

Donald Hebb

Back 3

Explained the strengthening of the association between sensory and motor neurons involved in implicit memory. According to his model, the presynaptic neuron and the postsynaptic neuron must fire at the same time in order for an association to be learned. When the presynaptic neuron and postsynaptic neuron fire together repeattedly, some change takes place between the neurons that strenthens the connection between them. Thus, over time the firing of the presynaptic neuron automatically causes the postsynaptic neuron to fire. This strengthened connection between two neurons, is called the Hebb Synapse.

Front 4

Autogenic Theropy

Back 4

Essentially, meditation in different various forms

Front 5

LDL

Back 5

When too much LDL cholesterol circulates in the blood, it can slowly build up in the inner walls of the arteries that feed the heart and brain. Together with other substances it can form plaque, a thick, hard deposit that can clog those arteries. This condition is known as atherosclerosis.

Front 6

HDL

Back 6

Essentially, "good" cholestoral. About one-third to one-fourth of blood cholesterol is carried by high-density lipoprotein (HDL). HDL cholesterol is known as the "good" cholesterol because a high level of it seems to protect against heart attack. (Low HDL cholesterol levels [less than 40 mg/dL] increase the risk for heart disease.) Medical experts think that HDL tends to carry cholesterol away from the arteries and back to the liver, where it's passed from the body. Some experts believe that HDL removes excess cholesterol from plaque in arteries, thus slowing the buildup.

Front 7

Essential Hypertension

Back 7

Electromyography is a test that assesses the health of the muscles and the nerves controlling the muscles. After placement of the electrodes, you may be asked to contract the muscle (for example, by bending your arm). The presence, size, and shape of the wave form -- the action potential -- produced on the oscilloscope provide information about the ability of the muscle to respond when the nerves are stimulated. EMG is most often used when people have symptoms of weakness and examination shows impaired muscle strength. It can help to differentiate primary muscle conditions from muscle weakness caused by neurologic disorders.

Front 8

C Reactive Protein Test

Back 8

CRP is short for "C-reactive protein," a protein found in the blood. It is what we call a marker for inflammation, meaning its presence indicates a heightened state of inflammation in the body. Inflammation is a normal response to many physical states including fever, injury and infection. Inflammation is now believed to play a role in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular disease.

Front 9

Leucotomy

Back 9

Brain operation to sever the connections between the frontal lobe and underlying structures. It was widely used in the 1940s and 1950s to treat severe psychotic or depressive illness. Though it achieved some success, it left patients dull and apathetic; there was also a considerable risk of epilepsy. It was largely replaced by the use of psychotropic drugs from the late 1950s.

Front 10

Cingulotomy

Back 10

The bilateral cingulotomy is a modern psychosurgical technique of disabling the cingulate gyrus, a small section of brain that connects the limbic region of the brain with the frontal lobes. It has replaced the lobotomy and is performed to alleviate mental illness such as major depression, bipolar disorder, or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), which have not responded to psychotherapy, behavioral therapy, electroshock, or pharmacologic treatment. Bilateral cingulotomies are also performed to treat chronic pain in cancer patients.

Front 11

Psychophysiological Profile

Back 11

The Psychophysiological Stress Profile (PSP) assesses a person's habitual response patterns to stress. We measure the level of psychophysiological reactivity as well as the rate and level of recovery

Front 12

Internal Milieu C. Bernard

Back 12

From these considerations stems Bernard's concept of milieu intérieur: he emphasized that an animal's life depends on the internal environment, that is, on the plasma (extracellular fluids), which provides the physico-chemical conditions for the correct functioning of cells. Bernard reasoned that if correct cell functioning depends on optimal physico-chemical conditions, then these must be constant and, inevitably, there have to be mechanisms that allow such conditions to be maintained.

Front 13

Hans Selye

Back 13

stumbled upon the idea of the General Adaptation Syndrome (G.A.S.)The G.A.S., alternately known as the stress syndrome, is what Selye came to call the process under which the body confronts "stress" (what he first called "noxious agents"). In the G.A.S., Selye explained, the body passes through three universal stages of coping.

Front 14

Eidetic Memory

Back 14

Photographic memory, literally.

Front 15

Topagnosias

Back 15

The inability to localise tactile sensations