Psychology 202 Ch. 14

Front 1

Mania

Back 1

Quickly changing from depressed to joyful states. (Bi-polar)

Front 2

Psychopathology

Back 2

Sickness, or disorder of the mind.

Front 3

Etiology

Back 3

Factors that contribute to the development of a disorder.

Front 4

Maladaptiveness

Back 4

"Interferes with functioning"

A person with psychopathology exhibits thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are maladaptive rather than deviant.

Front 5

Categorical Approach

Back 5

Either you have the disorder or you don't. So you have to fit a specific disorder.

Like a Light switch

Front 6

Dimensional Approach

Back 6

Consider a psychological disorder along a continuum in which people vary in degree rather than in kind.

Front 7

Comorbidity

Back 7

The simultaneous presence of two chronic diseases or conditions in a patient.

Front 8

Research Domain Criteria (RDoC)

Back 8

A Method that defines basic aspects of functioning and considers them across multiple levels of analysis, from genes to brain systems to behavior.

Front 9

Assessment

Back 9

Examination of a person's cognitive, behavioral, or emotional functioning to diagnose possible psychological disorders.

Front 10

Diathesis Stress Model

Back 10

Psychological disorders can be seen as resulting from the interactions of diathesis and stress

Diathesis my be biological (genetic predisposition) or environmental (childhood trauma).

Front 11

Family System Model

Back 11

A diagnostic model that considers problems within an individual as indicating problems within the family.

Front 12

Socioculture Model

Back 12

A Diagnostic model that views psychopathology as the result of the interaction between individuals and their cultures.

Front 13

Cognitive Behavioral Approch

Back 13

A diagnostic model that views psychopathology as the result of learned, maladaptive thoughts and beliefs.

Front 14

Internalizing Disorders

Back 14

Characterized by negative emotions grouped by fear and distress.

More common in Female

Front 15

Externalizing Disorders

Back 15

Characterized by disinhibition. More common in Males

ex. Alcoholism

Front 16

Cultural Syndromes

Back 16

Disorders that include a cluster of symptoms that are found in specific cultural groups or regions.

Front 17

Anxiety Disorder

Back 17

A psychological disorder characterized by excessive fear and anxiety in the absence of true danger.

Front 18

Specific Phobias

Back 18

Involve particular objects and situations.

Effects 1 in 8 people.

ex. Claustrophobia, Triskaidekaphobia

Front 19

Social Anxiety Disorder

(Social Phobia)

Back 19

The fear of being negatively evaluated by others.

Effects 1 in 8 people.

ex. Public speaking, meeting new people, eating in front of others.

Front 20

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Back 20

Constantly anxious and worry incessantly about even minor matters, even worry about being worried.

A diffuse state of constant anxiety not associated with any specific object or event.

Front 21

Panic Disorder

Back 21

An anxiety disorder that consists of sudden, overwhelming attacks of terror.

More likely in women.

Front 22

Agoraphobia

Back 22

An anxiety disorder marked by fear of being in situations in which escape may be difficult or impossible.

Usually develops with panic attacks

Front 23

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Back 23

A Disorder characterized by frequent intrusive thoughts and compulsive actions.

More common in women

Front 24

Obsessions

Back 24

Recurrent, Intrusive, and unwanted thoughts or ideas or mental images.

ex. Fear of contamination, accidents, or ones own aggression.

Front 25

Compulsions

Back 25

Behavior or mental act that is aimed at preventing or reducing anxiety or preventing something dreadful from happening.

Front 26

OCD Cyle

Back 26

1. Anxiety

2. Compulsion

3. Relief

4. Obsession

Front 27

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Back 27

A disorder that involves frequent nightmares, intrusive thoughts and flashbacks related to an earlier trauma.

Front 28

Major Depressive Disorder

Back 28

A disorder characterized by severe negative moods or a lack of interest in normally pleasurable activities.

Front 29

A Major Depressive Episode

Back 29

A person experiences depressed mood or a loss of interest in pleasurable activities everyday for at least two weeks.

Front 30

Persistent Depressive Disorder

(Dysthymia)

Back 30

A form of depression that is not sever enough to be diagnosed as major depressive disorder.

"down in the dumps"

Front 31

Learned Helplesness

Back 31

A cognitive model of depression in which people feel unable to control events in their lives.

Front 32

Bipolar I disorder

Back 32

Extremely elevated moods during manic episodes and frequently depressive episodes as well.

Can cause hospitalization

Front 33

Bipolar II disorder

Back 33

Less extreme mood elevations called hypomania, characterized by heightened creativity and productivity, they can be extremely pleasurable and rewarding.

Alternating period of extremely depressed episodes and mildly elevated moods.

Front 34

Dissociated Disorders

Back 34

Disorders that involve disruptions of identity, of memory, or of conscious awareness.

Front 35

Dissociative Amnesia

Back 35

A person forgets that an event happened or loses awareness of a substantial block of time.

ex. may lose memory of identity or place of residence.

Front 36

Dissociative Fugue

Back 36

Rarest form of Dissociative Amnesia.

Involves loss of identity and traveling to another location.

Fugue = french for "flight"

Front 37

Dissociative Identity Dissorder

Back 37

Multiple personality Disorder (DID)

ex. Split

Front 38

Schizophrenia

Back 38

"splitting of the mind"

Characterized by a split between thought and emotion: It involves alterations in thoughts, perceptions, or consciousness.

ex. Delusions, Hallucinations, disorganized speech, catatonic behavior, diminished emotional response

Front 39

Delusions

(Schizophrenia Symptom)

Back 39

False beliefs based on incorrect inferences about reality.

Front 40

Hallucinations

(Schizophrenia Symptom)

Back 40

False sensory perceptions that are experienced without an external source.

Front 41

Disorganized Speech

(Schizophrenia Symptom)

Back 41

Speaking in an incoherent fashion that involves frequently changing topics (loosening of associations) and saying strange or inappropriate things.

Front 42

Word Salad

(Schizophrenia Symptom)

Back 42

Speech that is so disorganized that it is totally incomprehensible.

Front 43

Clang Association

(Schizophrenia Symptom)

Back 43

The stringing together of words that rhyme but have no other apparent link.

Front 44

Disorganized Behavior

(Schizophrenia Symptom)

Back 44

Acting in a strange or unusual ways, including strange movements of limbs, bizarre speech, and inappropriate self care (not bathing or failing to dress properly.

Front 45

Negative Symptoms

(Schizophrenia Symptom)

Back 45

Marked by deficits in functioning, such as apathy, lack of emotion, and slowed speech and movement.

Front 46

Personality Disorders in Clusters

Back 46

Cluster A: Odd or eccentric behavior (paranoid)

Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, Erratic behavior

Cluster C: Anxious or fearful behavior

Front 47

Borderline Personality Disorder

Back 47

Disturbances in identity, in affect, and in impulse control. An intense fear of abandonment, causing them to be manipulative and impulsive.

More common in women

Front 48

Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD)

(Psychopath)

Back 48

People engage in socially undesirable behavior, are hedonistic and impulsive, and lack empathy.

Front 49

Autism

Back 49

Characterized by deficits in social interaction, by impaired communication, and by restricted interests.

Front 50

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

(ADHD)

Back 50

Restlessness, inattentiveness, and impulsivity

Front 51

DSM

Back 51

diagnostic statistical manual