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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Personality |
A person's characteristic thoughts, emotional responses, and behavior. |
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Personality Trait |
A Pattern of thought, emotion, and behavior that is relatively consistent over time and across situations. |
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Temperament |
Biologically based tendencies to feel or act in certain ways. |
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Characteristics of Temperament |
1. Anxiety Level 2. Emotionality 3. Sociability |
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Psychodynamic Theory |
The Freudian theory that unconscious forces determine behavior. |
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Ego (Conscious) |
The component of personality that tries to satisfy the wishes the id and the dictates of the superego. |
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Super Ego (Preconscious) |
The internalization of societal and parental standards of conduct. |
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Id (Unconscious) |
The component of personality that is completely submerged in unconscious and operates according to the pleasure principle. |
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Defense Mechanisms |
Unconscious mental strategies that the mind uses to protect itself from anxiety. |
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Psychosexual Stages |
Freud: Developmental stages that correspond to distinct libido urges; progression through these stages profoundly affects personality. |
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Psychosexual Stages in Order |
1. Oral Stage 2. Anal Stage 3. Phallic Stage (Genitals/ Oedipus Complex) 4. Latency Stage (channel suppressed urges into productivity) 5. Genital Stage (Reproductive) |
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Object Relations Theory |
A person's mind and sense of self develop in relation to others(objects) in the particular environment. |
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Internal Locus of Control |
People that believe they bring about their own reward. |
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External Locus of Control |
People that believe rewards result from forces beyond their control. |
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Personal Constructs |
Personal Theories of how the world works. |
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Cognitive Social Theories |
Emphasizes how personal beliefs, experiences, and interpretations of social situations shape behavior and personality |
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CAPS Model |
Response = * Perception of situation * Relevant Skills * Anticipation * Emotional Reaction |
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CAPS Personality factors |
1. Interpretation of the social world. 2. Beliefs about how you will affect the social world. 3. Beliefs about how you will be affected by the social world. |
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Humanistic Approaches (Self Actualization) |
Approaches to study personality that emphasize how people seek to fulfill their potential through greater self-understanding. |
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Trait Approach |
An approach to studying personality that focuses on how individuals differ in personality dispositions. |
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The Big Five (Five-Factor Theory) |
The idea that personality can be described using five factor: Openness to experience Conscientiousness Extroversion Agreeableness Neuroticism. |
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Openness to Experience |
Imaginative vs. Down to earth Variety vs. Routine Independent vs. Conforming |
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Conscientiousness |
Organized vs. Disorganized Careful vs. Careless Self-Disciplined vs. Weak-willed |
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Extroversion |
Social vs. Retiring Fun-loving vs. Sober Affectionate vs. Reserved |
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Agreeableness |
Softhearted vs. Ruthless Trusting vs. Suspicious Helpful vs. Uncooperative |
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Neuroticism |
Worried vs. Calm Insecure vs. Secure Self-Pitying vs. Self Satisfied |
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Biological Trait Theory |
Personality Traits have two major dimensions: 1. Introversion/Extroversion 2. Emotional Stability 3. Psychoticism (Constraint) Added later |
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RAS (Reticular Activity System) |
Regulates alertness or arousal |
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In what way did Eysenck believe arousal influenced extroversion? |
Extroverts have low levels of Arousal (RAS) so they have to find arousal to operate efficiently. |
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Behavioral Approach System (BAS) |
The "go" system. Brain structures that lead organisms to approach stimuli in pursuit of reward. Linked to Extroversion |
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Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) |
The "stop" system Inhibits behavior that might lead to danger or pain. Linked to Neuroticism |
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Situationism |
The Theory that behavior is determined more by situations than by personality traits. |
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Interactionist |
Theorists who believe that behavior is determined jointly by situations and underlying dispositions. |
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Trait predicts Behavior based on 3 Factors. (CAT) |
1. Centrality of a trait. 2. The Aggregation of behaviors over time. 3. The Type of trait being evaluated. |
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Strong Situation (for personality) |
Tend to mask differences in personality because of the power of social environment. Ex. Elevators, Religious services, Job interviews |
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Weak Situation (for personality) |
Tend to reveal differences in personality. Ex. Parks, Bars, one's house |
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Basic Tendencies |
Dispositional traits determined largely by biological processes, they are very stable. |
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Basic Tendencies |
Dispositional traits determined largely by biological processes, they are very stable. |
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Characteristic Adaptations |
Adjustments to situational demands, somewhat consistent because they're based on skills, habits, rolls, and so on. |
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Idiographic Approach |
Person-centered approaches to assessing personality: They focus on individual lives and how various characteristic are integrated into unique persons. Use different metric per person. |
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Nomothetic Approaches |
Approaches to assessing personality that focus on how common characteristics vary from person to person. Uses the same metric per person |
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Projective Measure |
Personality tests that examine unconscious processes by having people interpret ambiguous stimuli. ex. ink splatter |
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The Q-Sort Test |
A person is given 100 cards to place in 9 piles in the order of how they would describe them self. each pile can only have a certain amount of cards. This helps identify which traits are most central to that person |
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Self-Concept |
Everything you know and believe about yourself. |
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Self-Schema |
Consists of an integrated set of memories, beliefs, and generalizations about one's self. A network of interconnected knowledge about the self. |
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Working Self Concept |
The immediate experience of the self. Limited to the amount of personal information that can be processed cognitively at any given time. |
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Self-Esteem |
The evaluative aspect of the self-concept in which people feel worthy or unworthy. |
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Reflected Appraisal |
People's self-esteem is based on how they believe others perceive them. |
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Sociometer |
An internal monitor of social acceptance or rejection. |
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Self-Serving Bias |
The tendency for people to take personal credit for success but blame failure on external factors |
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The Better-Than-Average Effect |
Most people describe themselves as better than average in nearly every way. |
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The Better-Than-Average Effect |
Most people describe themselves as better than average in nearly every way. |
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Social Comparison |
When people evaluate their own actions, abilities and beliefs by contrasting them with other people's. |
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Interdependent Self-Construals |
Peoples self concepts are determined to a large extent by their social roles and personal relationships.
Self reliance |
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Billy accused his friend of being an alcoholic, when in reality, Billy drank every night. |
Projection |
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Dorothy had no memory of her mother’s death which occurred when Dorothy was seven years old. |
Repression |
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Dana used her credit card to buy clothes even though her account was overdrawn and she had no money. |
Denial |
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Jill explained that she broke her dormitory’s “no pets” rule because it was too cold for the cat to stay outside. |
Rationalization |
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Janet picked fights with Tom and told others he was a terrible person, but in reality, she was attracted to Tom. |
Reaction Formation |
